Prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $IJK$.

Clash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $S$ its circumcircle. The points $D$, $E$, and $F$ are the feet of altitudes drawn from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively. The line $AD$ meets $S$ again at $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $DE$ and $DF$, respectively. If $M$ and $N$ respectively intersect $S$ at $I$ and $J$, prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $IJK$.
I tried angle chasing, but failed to preceed something good (though I use scale and compass I failed to construct a proper diagram because there are so many intersections. Actually we don't have many thinks about the line joining the foots of altitudes.
Please help me by giving hints or full answer
geometry euclidean-geometry triangle circle
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $S$ its circumcircle. The points $D$, $E$, and $F$ are the feet of altitudes drawn from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively. The line $AD$ meets $S$ again at $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $DE$ and $DF$, respectively. If $M$ and $N$ respectively intersect $S$ at $I$ and $J$, prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $IJK$.
I tried angle chasing, but failed to preceed something good (though I use scale and compass I failed to construct a proper diagram because there are so many intersections. Actually we don't have many thinks about the line joining the foots of altitudes.
Please help me by giving hints or full answer
geometry euclidean-geometry triangle circle
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $S$ its circumcircle. The points $D$, $E$, and $F$ are the feet of altitudes drawn from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively. The line $AD$ meets $S$ again at $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $DE$ and $DF$, respectively. If $M$ and $N$ respectively intersect $S$ at $I$ and $J$, prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $IJK$.
I tried angle chasing, but failed to preceed something good (though I use scale and compass I failed to construct a proper diagram because there are so many intersections. Actually we don't have many thinks about the line joining the foots of altitudes.
Please help me by giving hints or full answer
geometry euclidean-geometry triangle circle
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $S$ its circumcircle. The points $D$, $E$, and $F$ are the feet of altitudes drawn from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively. The line $AD$ meets $S$ again at $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $DE$ and $DF$, respectively. If $M$ and $N$ respectively intersect $S$ at $I$ and $J$, prove that $D$ is the incentre of the triangle $IJK$.
I tried angle chasing, but failed to preceed something good (though I use scale and compass I failed to construct a proper diagram because there are so many intersections. Actually we don't have many thinks about the line joining the foots of altitudes.
Please help me by giving hints or full answer
geometry euclidean-geometry triangle circle
geometry euclidean-geometry triangle circle
edited Sep 9 at 4:22
Batominovski
26.2k22881
26.2k22881
asked Sep 7 at 2:41
Sufaid Saleel
1,720625
1,720625
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14
add a comment |Â
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
accepted
Remark: The problem as stated is not entirely correct. Only when both $angle ABC$ and $angle ACB$ are acute angles do we have that $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$. When $angle ABC$ or $angle ACB$ is a right angle, we obtain a degenerate case, where $M=E=D=B$ so that $IJ=AB$, or $N=F=D=C$ so that $IJ=AC$, respectively. If $angle ABC>dfracpi2$ or $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is an excenter of the triangle $IJK$. See an illustration below. (If we define $I$ and $J$ so that $MI$ and $NJ$ are disjoint, then in the case $angle ABC>dfracpi2$, $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $I$. On the other hand, if $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $J$.)

Let $R$ denote the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$. Write $alpha$, $beta$, and $gamma$ for the angles $angle BAC$, $angle CBA$, and $angle ACB$, respectively. In what follows, we assume that $beta$ and $gamma$ are in the interval $left(0,dfracpi2right)$. First, we assume that $alphainleft(0,dfracpi2right)$. Then, $$angle DFE=pi-2gamma,.$$ Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is given by $$DF,sin(pi-2gamma)=DF,sin(2gamma),.$$
Since the triangle $ABC$ and the triangle $DBF$ are similar, we get
$$DF=AC,left(fracBDABright)=AC,cos(beta)=2,R,sin(beta),cos(beta)=R,sin(2beta),.$$
Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is $R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$, whence the distance from $D$ to $IJ$ is
$$rho:=frac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma),.$$

It is not difficult to see that $OAperp EF$, whence $OA perp IJ$. Therefore, $A$ is the midpoint of the arc $IAJ$. This shows that $$angle DKI=angle AKI=angle AKJ=angle DKJ=:theta,.$$ Ergo, the distance between $O$ and $EF$ is
$$beginalignd:=OA-AE,sin(beta)&=R-AB,left(fracAEABright),sin(beta)\&=R-big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(alpha),sin(beta)\&=Rbig(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)big),.endalign$$
Thus, the distance $delta$ between $O$ and $IJ$ is
$$beginaligndelta=d-rho&=R,Big(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)-2,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1+2,big(cos(beta+gamma)-cos(beta),cos(gamma)big),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1-2,sin^2(beta),sin^2(gamma)Big),.endalign$$
Finally, note that $$beginalignDK=DH&=BD,cot(gamma)=big(AB,cos(beta)big),cot(gamma)\&=big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(beta),cot(gamma)\&=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),.endalign$$
Since $delta=R,cos(2,theta)=R,big(1-2,sin^2(theta)big)$, we conclude that
$$sin(theta)=sin(beta),sin(gamma),,$$
whence the distance from $D$ to $IK$ or to $JK$ is
$$DK,sin(theta)=DK,sin(beta),sin(gamma)=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)=rho,.$$ Hence, $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$, with inradius $rho=dfrac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$.
The case $alpha inleft(dfracpi2,piright)$ can be dealt with in a similar manner. One of the differences is that $angle DFE=2gamma$.

This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Consider the special case where $triangle ABC$ is equilateral, with circumradius $OC=1$.
Since $CB=sqrt3$ and $DE=fracCB2$, then $MD=fracsqrt34$, and in $triangle MDR$, $MR=frac12MD=fracsqrt38$, and $$RD=sqrtMD^2-MR^2=sqrtfrac1264-frac364=frac38=.375$$
Now from $D$ make $DGperp IK$. Since chords $AK$ and $IJ$ intersect at $R$, then$$ARcdot RK=IRcdot RJ$$And since $AR=frac98$, and $RK=frac78$, and $IR=RJ$, then$$frac6364=IR^2$$and$$IR=sqrtfrac6364=frac38sqrt7$$Hence$$tanangle KIR=fracRKIR=fracsqrt73=.8819$$and$$angle KIR=arctan .8819=41.41^o$$Therefore$$angle GKD=angle IKR=48.59^o$$And since$$cos48.59^o=.6614=fracGKDK=fracGK.5$$then$$GK=.5times.6614=.3307$$and$$DG=sqrt.5^2-.3307^2=.375$$Therefore, the circle with radius $DR=.375$ is tangent to $IK$ at $G$. And because of the symmetry of the figure about $AK$, the same argument will show that the perpendicular from $D$ to $JK=.375$.
Hence $D$ is the incenter of $triangle IJK$ when $triangle ABC$ is equilateral.
So far so good, but what might be done to generalize this?
add a comment |Â
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
2
down vote
accepted
Remark: The problem as stated is not entirely correct. Only when both $angle ABC$ and $angle ACB$ are acute angles do we have that $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$. When $angle ABC$ or $angle ACB$ is a right angle, we obtain a degenerate case, where $M=E=D=B$ so that $IJ=AB$, or $N=F=D=C$ so that $IJ=AC$, respectively. If $angle ABC>dfracpi2$ or $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is an excenter of the triangle $IJK$. See an illustration below. (If we define $I$ and $J$ so that $MI$ and $NJ$ are disjoint, then in the case $angle ABC>dfracpi2$, $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $I$. On the other hand, if $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $J$.)

Let $R$ denote the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$. Write $alpha$, $beta$, and $gamma$ for the angles $angle BAC$, $angle CBA$, and $angle ACB$, respectively. In what follows, we assume that $beta$ and $gamma$ are in the interval $left(0,dfracpi2right)$. First, we assume that $alphainleft(0,dfracpi2right)$. Then, $$angle DFE=pi-2gamma,.$$ Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is given by $$DF,sin(pi-2gamma)=DF,sin(2gamma),.$$
Since the triangle $ABC$ and the triangle $DBF$ are similar, we get
$$DF=AC,left(fracBDABright)=AC,cos(beta)=2,R,sin(beta),cos(beta)=R,sin(2beta),.$$
Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is $R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$, whence the distance from $D$ to $IJ$ is
$$rho:=frac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma),.$$

It is not difficult to see that $OAperp EF$, whence $OA perp IJ$. Therefore, $A$ is the midpoint of the arc $IAJ$. This shows that $$angle DKI=angle AKI=angle AKJ=angle DKJ=:theta,.$$ Ergo, the distance between $O$ and $EF$ is
$$beginalignd:=OA-AE,sin(beta)&=R-AB,left(fracAEABright),sin(beta)\&=R-big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(alpha),sin(beta)\&=Rbig(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)big),.endalign$$
Thus, the distance $delta$ between $O$ and $IJ$ is
$$beginaligndelta=d-rho&=R,Big(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)-2,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1+2,big(cos(beta+gamma)-cos(beta),cos(gamma)big),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1-2,sin^2(beta),sin^2(gamma)Big),.endalign$$
Finally, note that $$beginalignDK=DH&=BD,cot(gamma)=big(AB,cos(beta)big),cot(gamma)\&=big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(beta),cot(gamma)\&=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),.endalign$$
Since $delta=R,cos(2,theta)=R,big(1-2,sin^2(theta)big)$, we conclude that
$$sin(theta)=sin(beta),sin(gamma),,$$
whence the distance from $D$ to $IK$ or to $JK$ is
$$DK,sin(theta)=DK,sin(beta),sin(gamma)=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)=rho,.$$ Hence, $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$, with inradius $rho=dfrac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$.
The case $alpha inleft(dfracpi2,piright)$ can be dealt with in a similar manner. One of the differences is that $angle DFE=2gamma$.

This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
accepted
Remark: The problem as stated is not entirely correct. Only when both $angle ABC$ and $angle ACB$ are acute angles do we have that $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$. When $angle ABC$ or $angle ACB$ is a right angle, we obtain a degenerate case, where $M=E=D=B$ so that $IJ=AB$, or $N=F=D=C$ so that $IJ=AC$, respectively. If $angle ABC>dfracpi2$ or $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is an excenter of the triangle $IJK$. See an illustration below. (If we define $I$ and $J$ so that $MI$ and $NJ$ are disjoint, then in the case $angle ABC>dfracpi2$, $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $I$. On the other hand, if $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $J$.)

Let $R$ denote the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$. Write $alpha$, $beta$, and $gamma$ for the angles $angle BAC$, $angle CBA$, and $angle ACB$, respectively. In what follows, we assume that $beta$ and $gamma$ are in the interval $left(0,dfracpi2right)$. First, we assume that $alphainleft(0,dfracpi2right)$. Then, $$angle DFE=pi-2gamma,.$$ Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is given by $$DF,sin(pi-2gamma)=DF,sin(2gamma),.$$
Since the triangle $ABC$ and the triangle $DBF$ are similar, we get
$$DF=AC,left(fracBDABright)=AC,cos(beta)=2,R,sin(beta),cos(beta)=R,sin(2beta),.$$
Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is $R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$, whence the distance from $D$ to $IJ$ is
$$rho:=frac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma),.$$

It is not difficult to see that $OAperp EF$, whence $OA perp IJ$. Therefore, $A$ is the midpoint of the arc $IAJ$. This shows that $$angle DKI=angle AKI=angle AKJ=angle DKJ=:theta,.$$ Ergo, the distance between $O$ and $EF$ is
$$beginalignd:=OA-AE,sin(beta)&=R-AB,left(fracAEABright),sin(beta)\&=R-big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(alpha),sin(beta)\&=Rbig(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)big),.endalign$$
Thus, the distance $delta$ between $O$ and $IJ$ is
$$beginaligndelta=d-rho&=R,Big(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)-2,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1+2,big(cos(beta+gamma)-cos(beta),cos(gamma)big),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1-2,sin^2(beta),sin^2(gamma)Big),.endalign$$
Finally, note that $$beginalignDK=DH&=BD,cot(gamma)=big(AB,cos(beta)big),cot(gamma)\&=big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(beta),cot(gamma)\&=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),.endalign$$
Since $delta=R,cos(2,theta)=R,big(1-2,sin^2(theta)big)$, we conclude that
$$sin(theta)=sin(beta),sin(gamma),,$$
whence the distance from $D$ to $IK$ or to $JK$ is
$$DK,sin(theta)=DK,sin(beta),sin(gamma)=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)=rho,.$$ Hence, $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$, with inradius $rho=dfrac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$.
The case $alpha inleft(dfracpi2,piright)$ can be dealt with in a similar manner. One of the differences is that $angle DFE=2gamma$.

This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
accepted
up vote
2
down vote
accepted
Remark: The problem as stated is not entirely correct. Only when both $angle ABC$ and $angle ACB$ are acute angles do we have that $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$. When $angle ABC$ or $angle ACB$ is a right angle, we obtain a degenerate case, where $M=E=D=B$ so that $IJ=AB$, or $N=F=D=C$ so that $IJ=AC$, respectively. If $angle ABC>dfracpi2$ or $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is an excenter of the triangle $IJK$. See an illustration below. (If we define $I$ and $J$ so that $MI$ and $NJ$ are disjoint, then in the case $angle ABC>dfracpi2$, $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $I$. On the other hand, if $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $J$.)

Let $R$ denote the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$. Write $alpha$, $beta$, and $gamma$ for the angles $angle BAC$, $angle CBA$, and $angle ACB$, respectively. In what follows, we assume that $beta$ and $gamma$ are in the interval $left(0,dfracpi2right)$. First, we assume that $alphainleft(0,dfracpi2right)$. Then, $$angle DFE=pi-2gamma,.$$ Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is given by $$DF,sin(pi-2gamma)=DF,sin(2gamma),.$$
Since the triangle $ABC$ and the triangle $DBF$ are similar, we get
$$DF=AC,left(fracBDABright)=AC,cos(beta)=2,R,sin(beta),cos(beta)=R,sin(2beta),.$$
Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is $R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$, whence the distance from $D$ to $IJ$ is
$$rho:=frac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma),.$$

It is not difficult to see that $OAperp EF$, whence $OA perp IJ$. Therefore, $A$ is the midpoint of the arc $IAJ$. This shows that $$angle DKI=angle AKI=angle AKJ=angle DKJ=:theta,.$$ Ergo, the distance between $O$ and $EF$ is
$$beginalignd:=OA-AE,sin(beta)&=R-AB,left(fracAEABright),sin(beta)\&=R-big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(alpha),sin(beta)\&=Rbig(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)big),.endalign$$
Thus, the distance $delta$ between $O$ and $IJ$ is
$$beginaligndelta=d-rho&=R,Big(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)-2,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1+2,big(cos(beta+gamma)-cos(beta),cos(gamma)big),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1-2,sin^2(beta),sin^2(gamma)Big),.endalign$$
Finally, note that $$beginalignDK=DH&=BD,cot(gamma)=big(AB,cos(beta)big),cot(gamma)\&=big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(beta),cot(gamma)\&=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),.endalign$$
Since $delta=R,cos(2,theta)=R,big(1-2,sin^2(theta)big)$, we conclude that
$$sin(theta)=sin(beta),sin(gamma),,$$
whence the distance from $D$ to $IK$ or to $JK$ is
$$DK,sin(theta)=DK,sin(beta),sin(gamma)=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)=rho,.$$ Hence, $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$, with inradius $rho=dfrac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$.
The case $alpha inleft(dfracpi2,piright)$ can be dealt with in a similar manner. One of the differences is that $angle DFE=2gamma$.

Remark: The problem as stated is not entirely correct. Only when both $angle ABC$ and $angle ACB$ are acute angles do we have that $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$. When $angle ABC$ or $angle ACB$ is a right angle, we obtain a degenerate case, where $M=E=D=B$ so that $IJ=AB$, or $N=F=D=C$ so that $IJ=AC$, respectively. If $angle ABC>dfracpi2$ or $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is an excenter of the triangle $IJK$. See an illustration below. (If we define $I$ and $J$ so that $MI$ and $NJ$ are disjoint, then in the case $angle ABC>dfracpi2$, $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $I$. On the other hand, if $angle ACB>dfracpi2$, then $D$ is the excenter of the triangle $IJK$ opposite to $J$.)

Let $R$ denote the circumradius of the triangle $ABC$. Write $alpha$, $beta$, and $gamma$ for the angles $angle BAC$, $angle CBA$, and $angle ACB$, respectively. In what follows, we assume that $beta$ and $gamma$ are in the interval $left(0,dfracpi2right)$. First, we assume that $alphainleft(0,dfracpi2right)$. Then, $$angle DFE=pi-2gamma,.$$ Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is given by $$DF,sin(pi-2gamma)=DF,sin(2gamma),.$$
Since the triangle $ABC$ and the triangle $DBF$ are similar, we get
$$DF=AC,left(fracBDABright)=AC,cos(beta)=2,R,sin(beta),cos(beta)=R,sin(2beta),.$$
Thus, the distance from $D$ to $EF$ is $R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$, whence the distance from $D$ to $IJ$ is
$$rho:=frac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma),.$$

It is not difficult to see that $OAperp EF$, whence $OA perp IJ$. Therefore, $A$ is the midpoint of the arc $IAJ$. This shows that $$angle DKI=angle AKI=angle AKJ=angle DKJ=:theta,.$$ Ergo, the distance between $O$ and $EF$ is
$$beginalignd:=OA-AE,sin(beta)&=R-AB,left(fracAEABright),sin(beta)\&=R-big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(alpha),sin(beta)\&=Rbig(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)big),.endalign$$
Thus, the distance $delta$ between $O$ and $IJ$ is
$$beginaligndelta=d-rho&=R,Big(1-2,cos(alpha),sin(beta),sin(gamma)-2,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1+2,big(cos(beta+gamma)-cos(beta),cos(gamma)big),sin(beta),sin(gamma)Big)
\
&=R,Big(1-2,sin^2(beta),sin^2(gamma)Big),.endalign$$
Finally, note that $$beginalignDK=DH&=BD,cot(gamma)=big(AB,cos(beta)big),cot(gamma)\&=big(2,R,sin(gamma)big),cos(beta),cot(gamma)\&=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),.endalign$$
Since $delta=R,cos(2,theta)=R,big(1-2,sin^2(theta)big)$, we conclude that
$$sin(theta)=sin(beta),sin(gamma),,$$
whence the distance from $D$ to $IK$ or to $JK$ is
$$DK,sin(theta)=DK,sin(beta),sin(gamma)=2,R,cos(beta),cos(gamma),sin(beta),sin(gamma)=rho,.$$ Hence, $D$ is the incenter of the triangle $IJK$, with inradius $rho=dfrac12,R,sin(2beta),sin(2gamma)$.
The case $alpha inleft(dfracpi2,piright)$ can be dealt with in a similar manner. One of the differences is that $angle DFE=2gamma$.

edited Sep 10 at 10:21
answered Sep 9 at 20:18
Batominovski
26.2k22881
26.2k22881
This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
add a comment |Â
This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
This is a good argument. Knowing that the portions of $triangle ABC$ outside of $triangle DEF$ are each similar to triangle $ABC$, making $angle DFE=pi-2gamma$, is evidently key to getting a general expression for the distance from $D$ to $IJ$. Very nice.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 11 at 5:04
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Consider the special case where $triangle ABC$ is equilateral, with circumradius $OC=1$.
Since $CB=sqrt3$ and $DE=fracCB2$, then $MD=fracsqrt34$, and in $triangle MDR$, $MR=frac12MD=fracsqrt38$, and $$RD=sqrtMD^2-MR^2=sqrtfrac1264-frac364=frac38=.375$$
Now from $D$ make $DGperp IK$. Since chords $AK$ and $IJ$ intersect at $R$, then$$ARcdot RK=IRcdot RJ$$And since $AR=frac98$, and $RK=frac78$, and $IR=RJ$, then$$frac6364=IR^2$$and$$IR=sqrtfrac6364=frac38sqrt7$$Hence$$tanangle KIR=fracRKIR=fracsqrt73=.8819$$and$$angle KIR=arctan .8819=41.41^o$$Therefore$$angle GKD=angle IKR=48.59^o$$And since$$cos48.59^o=.6614=fracGKDK=fracGK.5$$then$$GK=.5times.6614=.3307$$and$$DG=sqrt.5^2-.3307^2=.375$$Therefore, the circle with radius $DR=.375$ is tangent to $IK$ at $G$. And because of the symmetry of the figure about $AK$, the same argument will show that the perpendicular from $D$ to $JK=.375$.
Hence $D$ is the incenter of $triangle IJK$ when $triangle ABC$ is equilateral.
So far so good, but what might be done to generalize this?
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
Consider the special case where $triangle ABC$ is equilateral, with circumradius $OC=1$.
Since $CB=sqrt3$ and $DE=fracCB2$, then $MD=fracsqrt34$, and in $triangle MDR$, $MR=frac12MD=fracsqrt38$, and $$RD=sqrtMD^2-MR^2=sqrtfrac1264-frac364=frac38=.375$$
Now from $D$ make $DGperp IK$. Since chords $AK$ and $IJ$ intersect at $R$, then$$ARcdot RK=IRcdot RJ$$And since $AR=frac98$, and $RK=frac78$, and $IR=RJ$, then$$frac6364=IR^2$$and$$IR=sqrtfrac6364=frac38sqrt7$$Hence$$tanangle KIR=fracRKIR=fracsqrt73=.8819$$and$$angle KIR=arctan .8819=41.41^o$$Therefore$$angle GKD=angle IKR=48.59^o$$And since$$cos48.59^o=.6614=fracGKDK=fracGK.5$$then$$GK=.5times.6614=.3307$$and$$DG=sqrt.5^2-.3307^2=.375$$Therefore, the circle with radius $DR=.375$ is tangent to $IK$ at $G$. And because of the symmetry of the figure about $AK$, the same argument will show that the perpendicular from $D$ to $JK=.375$.
Hence $D$ is the incenter of $triangle IJK$ when $triangle ABC$ is equilateral.
So far so good, but what might be done to generalize this?
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
Consider the special case where $triangle ABC$ is equilateral, with circumradius $OC=1$.
Since $CB=sqrt3$ and $DE=fracCB2$, then $MD=fracsqrt34$, and in $triangle MDR$, $MR=frac12MD=fracsqrt38$, and $$RD=sqrtMD^2-MR^2=sqrtfrac1264-frac364=frac38=.375$$
Now from $D$ make $DGperp IK$. Since chords $AK$ and $IJ$ intersect at $R$, then$$ARcdot RK=IRcdot RJ$$And since $AR=frac98$, and $RK=frac78$, and $IR=RJ$, then$$frac6364=IR^2$$and$$IR=sqrtfrac6364=frac38sqrt7$$Hence$$tanangle KIR=fracRKIR=fracsqrt73=.8819$$and$$angle KIR=arctan .8819=41.41^o$$Therefore$$angle GKD=angle IKR=48.59^o$$And since$$cos48.59^o=.6614=fracGKDK=fracGK.5$$then$$GK=.5times.6614=.3307$$and$$DG=sqrt.5^2-.3307^2=.375$$Therefore, the circle with radius $DR=.375$ is tangent to $IK$ at $G$. And because of the symmetry of the figure about $AK$, the same argument will show that the perpendicular from $D$ to $JK=.375$.
Hence $D$ is the incenter of $triangle IJK$ when $triangle ABC$ is equilateral.
So far so good, but what might be done to generalize this?
Consider the special case where $triangle ABC$ is equilateral, with circumradius $OC=1$.
Since $CB=sqrt3$ and $DE=fracCB2$, then $MD=fracsqrt34$, and in $triangle MDR$, $MR=frac12MD=fracsqrt38$, and $$RD=sqrtMD^2-MR^2=sqrtfrac1264-frac364=frac38=.375$$
Now from $D$ make $DGperp IK$. Since chords $AK$ and $IJ$ intersect at $R$, then$$ARcdot RK=IRcdot RJ$$And since $AR=frac98$, and $RK=frac78$, and $IR=RJ$, then$$frac6364=IR^2$$and$$IR=sqrtfrac6364=frac38sqrt7$$Hence$$tanangle KIR=fracRKIR=fracsqrt73=.8819$$and$$angle KIR=arctan .8819=41.41^o$$Therefore$$angle GKD=angle IKR=48.59^o$$And since$$cos48.59^o=.6614=fracGKDK=fracGK.5$$then$$GK=.5times.6614=.3307$$and$$DG=sqrt.5^2-.3307^2=.375$$Therefore, the circle with radius $DR=.375$ is tangent to $IK$ at $G$. And because of the symmetry of the figure about $AK$, the same argument will show that the perpendicular from $D$ to $JK=.375$.
Hence $D$ is the incenter of $triangle IJK$ when $triangle ABC$ is equilateral.
So far so good, but what might be done to generalize this?
edited Sep 8 at 23:13
answered Sep 8 at 19:13
Edward Porcella
1,1831411
1,1831411
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2908215%2fprove-that-d-is-the-incentre-of-the-triangle-ijk%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Why anyone is not commanding my question??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 7 at 3:02
I am still learning how to use it, but GeoGebra is a big help for diagrams.
â Edward Porcella
Sep 8 at 19:22
It is easy to prove for equilateral triangle. Can I use projective transformation to generalize it??
â Sufaid Saleel
Sep 9 at 3:54
A projective transformation can send a circle to a non-circular conic section, so I don't think that it is a good idea to use projective geometry here.
â Batominovski
Sep 9 at 4:14