Using Green's theorem: Area of Descartes' folium

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I am trying to calculate the area of the loop in the folium of Descartes using Green's theorem. The loop can be parameterized $x = frac3at1+t^3$, $y=frac3at^21+t^3$, $0leq t < infty$.



$$iint_F 1=int_partial Fx,dy=int_0^infty left(frac3at1+t^3right)left(frac6at(1+t^3)-3t^2(3at^2)(1+t^3)^2dtright)$$



$$=int_0^inftyfrac18a^2t^2 (1+t^3)-27a^2t^5(1+t^3)^3=int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2(1+t^3)-3t^3)(1+t^3)^3,$$and the book tells me the answer is $$int_0^infty fract^2(1+t^3)^2.$$ Where is my error?







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  • 3




    I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:12










  • @Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
    – Andrew D. Hwang
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:37














up vote
4
down vote

favorite












I am trying to calculate the area of the loop in the folium of Descartes using Green's theorem. The loop can be parameterized $x = frac3at1+t^3$, $y=frac3at^21+t^3$, $0leq t < infty$.



$$iint_F 1=int_partial Fx,dy=int_0^infty left(frac3at1+t^3right)left(frac6at(1+t^3)-3t^2(3at^2)(1+t^3)^2dtright)$$



$$=int_0^inftyfrac18a^2t^2 (1+t^3)-27a^2t^5(1+t^3)^3=int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2(1+t^3)-3t^3)(1+t^3)^3,$$and the book tells me the answer is $$int_0^infty fract^2(1+t^3)^2.$$ Where is my error?







share|cite|improve this question


















  • 3




    I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:12










  • @Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
    – Andrew D. Hwang
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:37












up vote
4
down vote

favorite









up vote
4
down vote

favorite











I am trying to calculate the area of the loop in the folium of Descartes using Green's theorem. The loop can be parameterized $x = frac3at1+t^3$, $y=frac3at^21+t^3$, $0leq t < infty$.



$$iint_F 1=int_partial Fx,dy=int_0^infty left(frac3at1+t^3right)left(frac6at(1+t^3)-3t^2(3at^2)(1+t^3)^2dtright)$$



$$=int_0^inftyfrac18a^2t^2 (1+t^3)-27a^2t^5(1+t^3)^3=int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2(1+t^3)-3t^3)(1+t^3)^3,$$and the book tells me the answer is $$int_0^infty fract^2(1+t^3)^2.$$ Where is my error?







share|cite|improve this question














I am trying to calculate the area of the loop in the folium of Descartes using Green's theorem. The loop can be parameterized $x = frac3at1+t^3$, $y=frac3at^21+t^3$, $0leq t < infty$.



$$iint_F 1=int_partial Fx,dy=int_0^infty left(frac3at1+t^3right)left(frac6at(1+t^3)-3t^2(3at^2)(1+t^3)^2dtright)$$



$$=int_0^inftyfrac18a^2t^2 (1+t^3)-27a^2t^5(1+t^3)^3=int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2(1+t^3)-3t^3)(1+t^3)^3,$$and the book tells me the answer is $$int_0^infty fract^2(1+t^3)^2.$$ Where is my error?









share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




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edited Jul 19 '13 at 15:30

























asked Jul 19 '13 at 14:55









Eric Auld

12.4k427101




12.4k427101







  • 3




    I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:12










  • @Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
    – Andrew D. Hwang
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:37












  • 3




    I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:12










  • @Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
    – Andrew D. Hwang
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:37







3




3




I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 15:12




I wonder who downvoted the question, this is clearly not a problem statement question. +1
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 15:12












@Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
– Andrew D. Hwang
Jul 19 '13 at 15:37




@Eric Auld: The area obviously depends on $a$, so something is awry with your book's purported answer. (That's not to say your answer is right, but in a quick skim I don't see anything wrong with your calculations....)
– Andrew D. Hwang
Jul 19 '13 at 15:37










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Green's theorem is:
$$
int_Fleft(fracpartial Mpartial x - fracpartial Fpartial yright)dxdy = oint_partial F (L dx + M dy).
$$
The textbook uses one possible choice for the differential form $omega = (L dx + M dy)$:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = frac12 oint_partial F (colorblue-ydx + x dy),tag1
$$
not just $x,dy$, you need that extra blue term to get to what is similar to your book's answer. Now plugging the parametrization gives
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 left(-frac3at^21+t^3Big(frac3at1+t^3Big)' + frac3at1+t^3Big(frac3at^21+t^3Big)' right)dt.
$$



Some updates:
Formula (1) simplifies to
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 frac9a^2t^2(1+t^3)^2dt, tag2
$$
which is what you have in your book. If we use yours
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F xdy = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2 -t^3)(1+t^3)^3dt,
$$
above formula will yield the same value with (2). Similarly, choosing $-ydx$ will give you same value as well:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F -ydx = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2t^3 -1)(1+t^3)^3dt.
$$
The choice is sure not unique. Furthermore, w/o computing the value of above three integrals, you could always prove:
$$
oint_partial F -ydx = oint_partial F xdy
$$
through integration by parts. Reason why choosing $omega = -ydx + x dy$ is probably like you said, leading to a more manageable formula.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:39







  • 1




    @EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:57










  • Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:00










  • @EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:13










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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Green's theorem is:
$$
int_Fleft(fracpartial Mpartial x - fracpartial Fpartial yright)dxdy = oint_partial F (L dx + M dy).
$$
The textbook uses one possible choice for the differential form $omega = (L dx + M dy)$:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = frac12 oint_partial F (colorblue-ydx + x dy),tag1
$$
not just $x,dy$, you need that extra blue term to get to what is similar to your book's answer. Now plugging the parametrization gives
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 left(-frac3at^21+t^3Big(frac3at1+t^3Big)' + frac3at1+t^3Big(frac3at^21+t^3Big)' right)dt.
$$



Some updates:
Formula (1) simplifies to
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 frac9a^2t^2(1+t^3)^2dt, tag2
$$
which is what you have in your book. If we use yours
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F xdy = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2 -t^3)(1+t^3)^3dt,
$$
above formula will yield the same value with (2). Similarly, choosing $-ydx$ will give you same value as well:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F -ydx = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2t^3 -1)(1+t^3)^3dt.
$$
The choice is sure not unique. Furthermore, w/o computing the value of above three integrals, you could always prove:
$$
oint_partial F -ydx = oint_partial F xdy
$$
through integration by parts. Reason why choosing $omega = -ydx + x dy$ is probably like you said, leading to a more manageable formula.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:39







  • 1




    @EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:57










  • Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:00










  • @EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:13














up vote
2
down vote



accepted










Green's theorem is:
$$
int_Fleft(fracpartial Mpartial x - fracpartial Fpartial yright)dxdy = oint_partial F (L dx + M dy).
$$
The textbook uses one possible choice for the differential form $omega = (L dx + M dy)$:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = frac12 oint_partial F (colorblue-ydx + x dy),tag1
$$
not just $x,dy$, you need that extra blue term to get to what is similar to your book's answer. Now plugging the parametrization gives
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 left(-frac3at^21+t^3Big(frac3at1+t^3Big)' + frac3at1+t^3Big(frac3at^21+t^3Big)' right)dt.
$$



Some updates:
Formula (1) simplifies to
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 frac9a^2t^2(1+t^3)^2dt, tag2
$$
which is what you have in your book. If we use yours
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F xdy = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2 -t^3)(1+t^3)^3dt,
$$
above formula will yield the same value with (2). Similarly, choosing $-ydx$ will give you same value as well:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F -ydx = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2t^3 -1)(1+t^3)^3dt.
$$
The choice is sure not unique. Furthermore, w/o computing the value of above three integrals, you could always prove:
$$
oint_partial F -ydx = oint_partial F xdy
$$
through integration by parts. Reason why choosing $omega = -ydx + x dy$ is probably like you said, leading to a more manageable formula.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:39







  • 1




    @EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:57










  • Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:00










  • @EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:13












up vote
2
down vote



accepted







up vote
2
down vote



accepted






Green's theorem is:
$$
int_Fleft(fracpartial Mpartial x - fracpartial Fpartial yright)dxdy = oint_partial F (L dx + M dy).
$$
The textbook uses one possible choice for the differential form $omega = (L dx + M dy)$:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = frac12 oint_partial F (colorblue-ydx + x dy),tag1
$$
not just $x,dy$, you need that extra blue term to get to what is similar to your book's answer. Now plugging the parametrization gives
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 left(-frac3at^21+t^3Big(frac3at1+t^3Big)' + frac3at1+t^3Big(frac3at^21+t^3Big)' right)dt.
$$



Some updates:
Formula (1) simplifies to
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 frac9a^2t^2(1+t^3)^2dt, tag2
$$
which is what you have in your book. If we use yours
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F xdy = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2 -t^3)(1+t^3)^3dt,
$$
above formula will yield the same value with (2). Similarly, choosing $-ydx$ will give you same value as well:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F -ydx = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2t^3 -1)(1+t^3)^3dt.
$$
The choice is sure not unique. Furthermore, w/o computing the value of above three integrals, you could always prove:
$$
oint_partial F -ydx = oint_partial F xdy
$$
through integration by parts. Reason why choosing $omega = -ydx + x dy$ is probably like you said, leading to a more manageable formula.






share|cite|improve this answer














Green's theorem is:
$$
int_Fleft(fracpartial Mpartial x - fracpartial Fpartial yright)dxdy = oint_partial F (L dx + M dy).
$$
The textbook uses one possible choice for the differential form $omega = (L dx + M dy)$:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = frac12 oint_partial F (colorblue-ydx + x dy),tag1
$$
not just $x,dy$, you need that extra blue term to get to what is similar to your book's answer. Now plugging the parametrization gives
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 left(-frac3at^21+t^3Big(frac3at1+t^3Big)' + frac3at1+t^3Big(frac3at^21+t^3Big)' right)dt.
$$



Some updates:
Formula (1) simplifies to
$$
frac12 int^infty_0 frac9a^2t^2(1+t^3)^2dt, tag2
$$
which is what you have in your book. If we use yours
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F xdy = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2 -t^3)(1+t^3)^3dt,
$$
above formula will yield the same value with (2). Similarly, choosing $-ydx$ will give you same value as well:
$$
int_F 1,dxdy = oint_partial F -ydx = int_0^inftyfrac9a^2t^2(2t^3 -1)(1+t^3)^3dt.
$$
The choice is sure not unique. Furthermore, w/o computing the value of above three integrals, you could always prove:
$$
oint_partial F -ydx = oint_partial F xdy
$$
through integration by parts. Reason why choosing $omega = -ydx + x dy$ is probably like you said, leading to a more manageable formula.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Jul 19 '13 at 16:09

























answered Jul 19 '13 at 15:32









Shuhao Cao

15.8k34089




15.8k34089











  • OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:39







  • 1




    @EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:57










  • Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:00










  • @EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:13
















  • OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:39







  • 1




    @EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 15:57










  • Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
    – Eric Auld
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:00










  • @EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
    – Shuhao Cao
    Jul 19 '13 at 16:13















OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
– Eric Auld
Jul 19 '13 at 15:39





OK, thanks. I think I am applying the operator $d$ to differential forms incorrectly. Green says $int_partial Domega = int_Ddomega$. If $omega = x,dy + 0,dx$, isn't $domega = d(x)dy = (1,dx + 0,dy)dy=1,dx,dy$?
– Eric Auld
Jul 19 '13 at 15:39





1




1




@EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 15:57




@EricAuld Your formula is perfectly right. Finally, the values are the same.
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 15:57












Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
– Eric Auld
Jul 19 '13 at 16:00




Oh, I see. The $y,dx - x,dy$ just leads to a more manageable formula in this case!
– Eric Auld
Jul 19 '13 at 16:00












@EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 16:13




@EricAuld I updated some more into the answer, see if you are okay with it.
– Shuhao Cao
Jul 19 '13 at 16:13












 

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