Problem with the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem
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I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.
Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.
The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).
How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.
EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):
Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$
functional-analysis analysis
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I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.
Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.
The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).
How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.
EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):
Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$
functional-analysis analysis
Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30
add a comment |Â
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0
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up vote
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I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.
Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.
The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).
How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.
EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):
Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$
functional-analysis analysis
I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.
Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.
The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).
How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.
EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):
Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$
functional-analysis analysis
edited Aug 24 at 10:28
asked Aug 24 at 9:26
HaroldF
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493415
Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30
add a comment |Â
Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30
Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30
add a comment |Â
1 Answer
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I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have
Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.
The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.
In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.
add a comment |Â
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have
Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.
The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.
In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have
Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.
The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.
In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have
Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.
The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.
In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.
I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have
Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.
The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.
In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.
answered Aug 24 at 10:51
Rhys Steele
5,7211828
5,7211828
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Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
â Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29
I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40
Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
â Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44
Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
â HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30