Problem with the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem

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I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.



Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.



The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).



How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.



EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):



Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$







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  • Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 24 at 9:29











  • I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 9:40










  • Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
    – Saucy O'Path
    Aug 24 at 9:44











  • Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 10:30














up vote
0
down vote

favorite












I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.



Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.



The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).



How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.



EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):



Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$







share|cite|improve this question






















  • Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 24 at 9:29











  • I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 9:40










  • Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
    – Saucy O'Path
    Aug 24 at 9:44











  • Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 10:30












up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.



Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.



The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).



How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.



EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):



Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$







share|cite|improve this question














I'm reading the proof of the Open Mapping Theorem from "Analysis Now", by Pedersen.



Theorem: Let $X,Y$ be Banach spaces and $Tin B(X,Y)$ with $T(X)=Y$, then $T$ is an open map.



The proof goes like this: We can write $Y=cupbar T(B(0,n))$, where $B(0,n)$ is the closed ball of radius $n$ around $0$. Now, by the Baire category theorem we can say that there exists $n$ such that there is $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$. This means that $T(B(0,1))$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$, and therefore ... (it continues but we arrived at the point that I don't understand).



How do we know that $T(B(0,1))$ is contained in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$? I know that, because $B(y,epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,n))$ then $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon) subset bar T(B(0,1))$.



EDIT: It can be worth noting that in the proof, the author invokes a Lemma (2.2.3. in the book):



Lemma 2.2.3. If $T in B(X,Y)$ and the image of the unit ball in $X$ is dense in some $B(0,r) subset Y, r>0$ then $B(0,(1-epsilon)r) subset T(B(0,1))$, for every $epsilon>0$









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edited Aug 24 at 10:28

























asked Aug 24 at 9:26









HaroldF

493415




493415











  • Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 24 at 9:29











  • I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 9:40










  • Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
    – Saucy O'Path
    Aug 24 at 9:44











  • Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 10:30
















  • Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
    – Lord Shark the Unknown
    Aug 24 at 9:29











  • I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 9:40










  • Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
    – Saucy O'Path
    Aug 24 at 9:44











  • Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
    – HaroldF
    Aug 24 at 10:30















Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
– Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29





Maybe it should be $T(B(0,1))cap B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ is dense in $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$?
– Lord Shark the Unknown
Aug 24 at 9:29













I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
– HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40




I thought about this. But as the proof continuous, after showing the above "density", invoking a lemma (2.2.3) which asks for the density of $T(B(0,1))$ is some ball. (I am writing it as an edit in my question).
– HaroldF
Aug 24 at 9:40












Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
– Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44





Also, every time you wrote $B(y,n^-1epsilon)$ should have been $B(n^-1y,n^-1epsilon)$ instead.
– Saucy O'Path
Aug 24 at 9:44













Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
– HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30




Thank you, you are right. I edited my argument on one inclusion using your suggestion, but I left what I took from the book as it is written, so that we can hopefully make a clear reasoning about what is written and what we have to prove.
– HaroldF
Aug 24 at 10:30










1 Answer
1






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up vote
1
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accepted










I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have




Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.




The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.



In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
$$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.






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    1 Answer
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    active

    oldest

    votes








    1 Answer
    1






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes








    up vote
    1
    down vote



    accepted










    I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have




    Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.




    The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.



    In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
    $$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
    which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.






    share|cite|improve this answer
























      up vote
      1
      down vote



      accepted










      I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have




      Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.




      The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.



      In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
      $$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
      which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.






      share|cite|improve this answer






















        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted







        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted






        I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have




        Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.




        The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.



        In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
        $$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
        which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.






        share|cite|improve this answer












        I suspect this might be a case of poor wording. The usual proof of Lemma 2.2.3 in fact proves a little bit more. We have




        Lemma: Let $X$ be a Banach space and $Y$ be a normed space with $T in B(X,Y)$. Suppose that there exist $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and $r > 0$ such that for any $y in B(0,r)$, $operatornamedist(y, T(B(0,1))) < varepsilon$. Then $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$.




        The usual proof of the OMT then proceeds by noting that since $T(B(0,1))$ is convex and symmetric about $0$, $B(n^-1y, n^-1 r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$ implies that $B(0, r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$.



        In particular, since $B(0,r) subseteq overlineT(B(0,1))$, the lemma gives us that $B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$ for every $varepsilon in (0,1)$ and so
        $$B(0,r) = bigcup_varepsilon in (0,1) B(0,r(1-varepsilon)) subseteq T(B(0,1))$$
        which implies that $T$ is an open mapping.







        share|cite|improve this answer












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        answered Aug 24 at 10:51









        Rhys Steele

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