Direct sum of Matrix algebras is not isomorphic to some semigroup algebra

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An $n times n$ matrix unit is any matrix which has zeros every, except at one position where it has one. By $E_ij^(n)$ we denote the $n times n$ matrix unit which has its one at the $i$-th row and $j$-th column.



Fix some field $F$, then surely the $n times n$ matrices $M_ntimes n(F)$ could be written in terms of the matrix units. And a more formal way to state that is that if $S$ denotes the semigroup of all matrix units with the zero matrix, then $M_ntimes n(F) cong F_0(S)$, where $F_0(S)$ denotes the contracted semigroup algebra, which is the usual semigroup algebra (i.e. formal sums) with the zero element identified, i.e. $F_0(S)$ has a basis $B$ such that $B cup 0$ is isomorphic with $S$.



This seems quite clear, but now suppose we look at
$$
A = M_n times n(F) oplus M_ntimes n(F)
$$
in the sense that the product of the direct factors is zero, i.e. think as an external direct sum. We can form the semigroup
$$
S = (E_ij^(n), 0), (0, E_ij^(n)) mid 0 le i,j le n cup (0,0)
$$
with the product. Then I think we also have $A cong F_0[S]$? But according to my text this should not be the case, so what am I missing. Why could $A$ be not isomorphic to a semigroup algebra?



Background: The text I am refering to is The algebraic theory of semigroups, Volume I by Clifford/Preston. In this book the following Theorem appears (page 167, Theorem 5.30):




Let $A$ be a semisimple algebra of finite order over a field $F$. If $A = F[S]$ for some (finite) semigroup $S$, then one of the simple components of $A$ is of order $1$ over $F$.




Which clearly contradicts the above situation, where both compoents of $A$ have order $n$ as matrix algebras. Also note that $F_0[S^0] cong F[S]$, where $S^0$ denotes that semigroup $S$ with a zero adjoined (i.e. taking a new element $0 notin S$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$ and $S^0 = S cup0$). Hence every semigroup algebra could be regarded as a contracted semigroup algebra.










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  • 1




    Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 13:55











  • @darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 13:59






  • 1




    Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 14:00










  • @darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:01










  • @darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:04














up vote
1
down vote

favorite
1












An $n times n$ matrix unit is any matrix which has zeros every, except at one position where it has one. By $E_ij^(n)$ we denote the $n times n$ matrix unit which has its one at the $i$-th row and $j$-th column.



Fix some field $F$, then surely the $n times n$ matrices $M_ntimes n(F)$ could be written in terms of the matrix units. And a more formal way to state that is that if $S$ denotes the semigroup of all matrix units with the zero matrix, then $M_ntimes n(F) cong F_0(S)$, where $F_0(S)$ denotes the contracted semigroup algebra, which is the usual semigroup algebra (i.e. formal sums) with the zero element identified, i.e. $F_0(S)$ has a basis $B$ such that $B cup 0$ is isomorphic with $S$.



This seems quite clear, but now suppose we look at
$$
A = M_n times n(F) oplus M_ntimes n(F)
$$
in the sense that the product of the direct factors is zero, i.e. think as an external direct sum. We can form the semigroup
$$
S = (E_ij^(n), 0), (0, E_ij^(n)) mid 0 le i,j le n cup (0,0)
$$
with the product. Then I think we also have $A cong F_0[S]$? But according to my text this should not be the case, so what am I missing. Why could $A$ be not isomorphic to a semigroup algebra?



Background: The text I am refering to is The algebraic theory of semigroups, Volume I by Clifford/Preston. In this book the following Theorem appears (page 167, Theorem 5.30):




Let $A$ be a semisimple algebra of finite order over a field $F$. If $A = F[S]$ for some (finite) semigroup $S$, then one of the simple components of $A$ is of order $1$ over $F$.




Which clearly contradicts the above situation, where both compoents of $A$ have order $n$ as matrix algebras. Also note that $F_0[S^0] cong F[S]$, where $S^0$ denotes that semigroup $S$ with a zero adjoined (i.e. taking a new element $0 notin S$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$ and $S^0 = S cup0$). Hence every semigroup algebra could be regarded as a contracted semigroup algebra.










share|cite|improve this question



















  • 1




    Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 13:55











  • @darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 13:59






  • 1




    Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 14:00










  • @darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:01










  • @darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:04












up vote
1
down vote

favorite
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up vote
1
down vote

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1





An $n times n$ matrix unit is any matrix which has zeros every, except at one position where it has one. By $E_ij^(n)$ we denote the $n times n$ matrix unit which has its one at the $i$-th row and $j$-th column.



Fix some field $F$, then surely the $n times n$ matrices $M_ntimes n(F)$ could be written in terms of the matrix units. And a more formal way to state that is that if $S$ denotes the semigroup of all matrix units with the zero matrix, then $M_ntimes n(F) cong F_0(S)$, where $F_0(S)$ denotes the contracted semigroup algebra, which is the usual semigroup algebra (i.e. formal sums) with the zero element identified, i.e. $F_0(S)$ has a basis $B$ such that $B cup 0$ is isomorphic with $S$.



This seems quite clear, but now suppose we look at
$$
A = M_n times n(F) oplus M_ntimes n(F)
$$
in the sense that the product of the direct factors is zero, i.e. think as an external direct sum. We can form the semigroup
$$
S = (E_ij^(n), 0), (0, E_ij^(n)) mid 0 le i,j le n cup (0,0)
$$
with the product. Then I think we also have $A cong F_0[S]$? But according to my text this should not be the case, so what am I missing. Why could $A$ be not isomorphic to a semigroup algebra?



Background: The text I am refering to is The algebraic theory of semigroups, Volume I by Clifford/Preston. In this book the following Theorem appears (page 167, Theorem 5.30):




Let $A$ be a semisimple algebra of finite order over a field $F$. If $A = F[S]$ for some (finite) semigroup $S$, then one of the simple components of $A$ is of order $1$ over $F$.




Which clearly contradicts the above situation, where both compoents of $A$ have order $n$ as matrix algebras. Also note that $F_0[S^0] cong F[S]$, where $S^0$ denotes that semigroup $S$ with a zero adjoined (i.e. taking a new element $0 notin S$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$ and $S^0 = S cup0$). Hence every semigroup algebra could be regarded as a contracted semigroup algebra.










share|cite|improve this question















An $n times n$ matrix unit is any matrix which has zeros every, except at one position where it has one. By $E_ij^(n)$ we denote the $n times n$ matrix unit which has its one at the $i$-th row and $j$-th column.



Fix some field $F$, then surely the $n times n$ matrices $M_ntimes n(F)$ could be written in terms of the matrix units. And a more formal way to state that is that if $S$ denotes the semigroup of all matrix units with the zero matrix, then $M_ntimes n(F) cong F_0(S)$, where $F_0(S)$ denotes the contracted semigroup algebra, which is the usual semigroup algebra (i.e. formal sums) with the zero element identified, i.e. $F_0(S)$ has a basis $B$ such that $B cup 0$ is isomorphic with $S$.



This seems quite clear, but now suppose we look at
$$
A = M_n times n(F) oplus M_ntimes n(F)
$$
in the sense that the product of the direct factors is zero, i.e. think as an external direct sum. We can form the semigroup
$$
S = (E_ij^(n), 0), (0, E_ij^(n)) mid 0 le i,j le n cup (0,0)
$$
with the product. Then I think we also have $A cong F_0[S]$? But according to my text this should not be the case, so what am I missing. Why could $A$ be not isomorphic to a semigroup algebra?



Background: The text I am refering to is The algebraic theory of semigroups, Volume I by Clifford/Preston. In this book the following Theorem appears (page 167, Theorem 5.30):




Let $A$ be a semisimple algebra of finite order over a field $F$. If $A = F[S]$ for some (finite) semigroup $S$, then one of the simple components of $A$ is of order $1$ over $F$.




Which clearly contradicts the above situation, where both compoents of $A$ have order $n$ as matrix algebras. Also note that $F_0[S^0] cong F[S]$, where $S^0$ denotes that semigroup $S$ with a zero adjoined (i.e. taking a new element $0 notin S$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$ and $S^0 = S cup0$). Hence every semigroup algebra could be regarded as a contracted semigroup algebra.







abstract-algebra matrices representation-theory noncommutative-algebra semigroups






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edited Sep 9 at 14:03

























asked Sep 9 at 13:25









StefanH

7,92741959




7,92741959







  • 1




    Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 13:55











  • @darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 13:59






  • 1




    Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 14:00










  • @darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:01










  • @darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:04












  • 1




    Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 13:55











  • @darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 13:59






  • 1




    Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
    – darij grinberg
    Sep 9 at 14:00










  • @darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:01










  • @darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
    – StefanH
    Sep 9 at 14:04







1




1




Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
– darij grinberg
Sep 9 at 13:55





Again, $A$ will be a contracted semigroup algebra, because the $left(0,0right)$ in $S$ maps to the zero matrix. I think the theorem you're quoting is about non-contracted semigroup algebras.
– darij grinberg
Sep 9 at 13:55













@darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 13:59




@darijgrinberg Why should that be a problem? Every semigroup algebra could be considered as a contracted one, see my last paragraph....
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 13:59




1




1




Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
– darij grinberg
Sep 9 at 14:00




Nope. Not every monoid can be written as $S cup left0right$ for a semigroup $S$. This works only if it has no zero-divisors.
– darij grinberg
Sep 9 at 14:00












@darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 14:01




@darijgrinberg Yes, sorry bad notation. I meant adjoining a zero. Which is always possible, just add an element $0$ and set $0cdot x = x cdot 0 = 0$ for every $x in S$. It does not mean to take an existing zero!
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 14:01












@darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 14:04




@darijgrinberg I changed the notation to $S^0$ for $S$ with a zero adjoined.
– StefanH
Sep 9 at 14:04















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