Nonstandard independent solutions of the Airy equation

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I am given a set of independent solutions of the Airy equation



$$ y''(z) - z~ y (z) = 0,$$



as contour integrals



$$ y_1,2(z) = int_C_1,2 e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$



where $C_1$ is the path along the real axes starting from negative infinity to the positive, and $C_2$ starts from infinity from direction $5pi/6$ passes through the point (0,0) and ends in the infinity in direction $3pi/2$. Note that these contours are not in typical regions for Airy function.



How do I show that these are indeed the solutions of the Airy equation and that they are independent?



If I just plug them into the equation
$$ y_1,2''(z) - z~ y_1,2 (z) = -
int_C_1,2 left( t^2 + z right)e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt
= i
int_C_1,2 fracddt e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$
and try using the fundamental theorem of calculus, it does not seem to help me much.
How do I proceed?







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    up vote
    0
    down vote

    favorite












    I am given a set of independent solutions of the Airy equation



    $$ y''(z) - z~ y (z) = 0,$$



    as contour integrals



    $$ y_1,2(z) = int_C_1,2 e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$



    where $C_1$ is the path along the real axes starting from negative infinity to the positive, and $C_2$ starts from infinity from direction $5pi/6$ passes through the point (0,0) and ends in the infinity in direction $3pi/2$. Note that these contours are not in typical regions for Airy function.



    How do I show that these are indeed the solutions of the Airy equation and that they are independent?



    If I just plug them into the equation
    $$ y_1,2''(z) - z~ y_1,2 (z) = -
    int_C_1,2 left( t^2 + z right)e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt
    = i
    int_C_1,2 fracddt e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$
    and try using the fundamental theorem of calculus, it does not seem to help me much.
    How do I proceed?







    share|cite|improve this question






















      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite











      I am given a set of independent solutions of the Airy equation



      $$ y''(z) - z~ y (z) = 0,$$



      as contour integrals



      $$ y_1,2(z) = int_C_1,2 e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$



      where $C_1$ is the path along the real axes starting from negative infinity to the positive, and $C_2$ starts from infinity from direction $5pi/6$ passes through the point (0,0) and ends in the infinity in direction $3pi/2$. Note that these contours are not in typical regions for Airy function.



      How do I show that these are indeed the solutions of the Airy equation and that they are independent?



      If I just plug them into the equation
      $$ y_1,2''(z) - z~ y_1,2 (z) = -
      int_C_1,2 left( t^2 + z right)e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt
      = i
      int_C_1,2 fracddt e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$
      and try using the fundamental theorem of calculus, it does not seem to help me much.
      How do I proceed?







      share|cite|improve this question












      I am given a set of independent solutions of the Airy equation



      $$ y''(z) - z~ y (z) = 0,$$



      as contour integrals



      $$ y_1,2(z) = int_C_1,2 e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$



      where $C_1$ is the path along the real axes starting from negative infinity to the positive, and $C_2$ starts from infinity from direction $5pi/6$ passes through the point (0,0) and ends in the infinity in direction $3pi/2$. Note that these contours are not in typical regions for Airy function.



      How do I show that these are indeed the solutions of the Airy equation and that they are independent?



      If I just plug them into the equation
      $$ y_1,2''(z) - z~ y_1,2 (z) = -
      int_C_1,2 left( t^2 + z right)e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt
      = i
      int_C_1,2 fracddt e^ileft( t^3/3 + z tright) dt, $$
      and try using the fundamental theorem of calculus, it does not seem to help me much.
      How do I proceed?









      share|cite|improve this question











      share|cite|improve this question




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      asked Aug 15 at 5:43









      z.v.

      179111




      179111




















          1 Answer
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          $C_2$ is the easier of the two, and is where the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus comes in. Suppose $t = Re^5ipi/6$. What's $lim_Rrightarrowinftye^i(t^3/3+zt)$? What about when $t = Re^3ipi/2$?



          For $C_1$, you should look at the wedge-shaped contours $se^5ipi/6 cup Re^ithetacup [-R, 0]$ and $[0, R]cup Re^itheta cup Rge sge 0$. The radial contours along $5pi/6$ and $pi/6$ can still be handled by FTC. For the circle contours, show that the integrand decays quickly with $R$, and thus the integral over the whole arc vanishes as $Rrightarrow infty$.






          share|cite|improve this answer






















          • Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
            – z.v.
            Aug 15 at 8:39










          • @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
            – eyeballfrog
            Aug 15 at 19:08










          Your Answer




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          1 Answer
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          1 Answer
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          active

          oldest

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          oldest

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          active

          oldest

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          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted










          $C_2$ is the easier of the two, and is where the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus comes in. Suppose $t = Re^5ipi/6$. What's $lim_Rrightarrowinftye^i(t^3/3+zt)$? What about when $t = Re^3ipi/2$?



          For $C_1$, you should look at the wedge-shaped contours $se^5ipi/6 cup Re^ithetacup [-R, 0]$ and $[0, R]cup Re^itheta cup Rge sge 0$. The radial contours along $5pi/6$ and $pi/6$ can still be handled by FTC. For the circle contours, show that the integrand decays quickly with $R$, and thus the integral over the whole arc vanishes as $Rrightarrow infty$.






          share|cite|improve this answer






















          • Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
            – z.v.
            Aug 15 at 8:39










          • @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
            – eyeballfrog
            Aug 15 at 19:08














          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted










          $C_2$ is the easier of the two, and is where the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus comes in. Suppose $t = Re^5ipi/6$. What's $lim_Rrightarrowinftye^i(t^3/3+zt)$? What about when $t = Re^3ipi/2$?



          For $C_1$, you should look at the wedge-shaped contours $se^5ipi/6 cup Re^ithetacup [-R, 0]$ and $[0, R]cup Re^itheta cup Rge sge 0$. The radial contours along $5pi/6$ and $pi/6$ can still be handled by FTC. For the circle contours, show that the integrand decays quickly with $R$, and thus the integral over the whole arc vanishes as $Rrightarrow infty$.






          share|cite|improve this answer






















          • Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
            – z.v.
            Aug 15 at 8:39










          • @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
            – eyeballfrog
            Aug 15 at 19:08












          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted







          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted






          $C_2$ is the easier of the two, and is where the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus comes in. Suppose $t = Re^5ipi/6$. What's $lim_Rrightarrowinftye^i(t^3/3+zt)$? What about when $t = Re^3ipi/2$?



          For $C_1$, you should look at the wedge-shaped contours $se^5ipi/6 cup Re^ithetacup [-R, 0]$ and $[0, R]cup Re^itheta cup Rge sge 0$. The radial contours along $5pi/6$ and $pi/6$ can still be handled by FTC. For the circle contours, show that the integrand decays quickly with $R$, and thus the integral over the whole arc vanishes as $Rrightarrow infty$.






          share|cite|improve this answer














          $C_2$ is the easier of the two, and is where the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus comes in. Suppose $t = Re^5ipi/6$. What's $lim_Rrightarrowinftye^i(t^3/3+zt)$? What about when $t = Re^3ipi/2$?



          For $C_1$, you should look at the wedge-shaped contours $se^5ipi/6 cup Re^ithetacup [-R, 0]$ and $[0, R]cup Re^itheta cup Rge sge 0$. The radial contours along $5pi/6$ and $pi/6$ can still be handled by FTC. For the circle contours, show that the integrand decays quickly with $R$, and thus the integral over the whole arc vanishes as $Rrightarrow infty$.







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Aug 15 at 19:19

























          answered Aug 15 at 6:04









          eyeballfrog

          4,712527




          4,712527











          • Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
            – z.v.
            Aug 15 at 8:39










          • @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
            – eyeballfrog
            Aug 15 at 19:08
















          • Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
            – z.v.
            Aug 15 at 8:39










          • @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
            – eyeballfrog
            Aug 15 at 19:08















          Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
          – z.v.
          Aug 15 at 8:39




          Right, the second one is easy, I did an algebra mistake when evaluating the endpoints. For $C_1$, ok, I see how $C^*$ should be zero given the closed contour and no poles inside, but I don't quite understand the semicircle part. I guess I should show that $y''-z y=0$ holds for the semicircle contour... but it does not look so...
          – z.v.
          Aug 15 at 8:39












          @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
          – eyeballfrog
          Aug 15 at 19:08




          @z.v. Ah, right...The contour has to be more complicated than that. I'll edit the post to reflect that.
          – eyeballfrog
          Aug 15 at 19:08












           

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