The integral of $fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x)$ from zero to infinity using contour integration

The name of the pictureThe name of the pictureThe name of the pictureClash Royale CLAN TAG#URR8PPP











up vote
2
down vote

favorite












I'm finding the integral
$$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
I do this by considering



$$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$



over the closed loop shown.



here
I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:



$$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$



$$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$



By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)



If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
$I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)



Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.







share|cite|improve this question


























    up vote
    2
    down vote

    favorite












    I'm finding the integral
    $$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
    I do this by considering



    $$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$



    over the closed loop shown.



    here
    I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
    The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:



    $$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$



    $$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$



    By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)



    If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
    $I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)



    Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.







    share|cite|improve this question
























      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      2
      down vote

      favorite











      I'm finding the integral
      $$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
      I do this by considering



      $$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$



      over the closed loop shown.



      here
      I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
      The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:



      $$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$



      $$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$



      By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)



      If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
      $I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)



      Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.







      share|cite|improve this question














      I'm finding the integral
      $$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
      I do this by considering



      $$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$



      over the closed loop shown.



      here
      I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
      The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:



      $$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$



      $$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$



      By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)



      If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
      $I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)



      Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.









      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Aug 26 at 19:22









      Davide Morgante

      2,518623




      2,518623










      asked Aug 26 at 19:16









      chickenpie

      566




      566




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes

















          up vote
          1
          down vote



          accepted










          With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
          since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
          $$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
          Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.






          share|cite|improve this answer



























            up vote
            1
            down vote













            An alternative, real-analytic approach.



            $$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
            equals
            $$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
            or
            $$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
            which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
            By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
            $$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$






            share|cite|improve this answer




















              Your Answer




              StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
              return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function ()
              StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix)
              StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
              );
              );
              , "mathjax-editing");

              StackExchange.ready(function()
              var channelOptions =
              tags: "".split(" "),
              id: "69"
              ;
              initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

              StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
              // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
              if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
              StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
              createEditor();
              );

              else
              createEditor();

              );

              function createEditor()
              StackExchange.prepareEditor(
              heartbeatType: 'answer',
              convertImagesToLinks: true,
              noModals: false,
              showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
              reputationToPostImages: 10,
              bindNavPrevention: true,
              postfix: "",
              noCode: true, onDemand: true,
              discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
              ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
              );



              );













               

              draft saved


              draft discarded


















              StackExchange.ready(
              function ()
              StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2895399%2fthe-integral-of-frac-logxx3-41x-from-zero-to-infinity-using-conto%23new-answer', 'question_page');

              );

              Post as a guest






























              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes








              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes








              up vote
              1
              down vote



              accepted










              With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
              since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
              $$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
              Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.






              share|cite|improve this answer
























                up vote
                1
                down vote



                accepted










                With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
                since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
                $$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
                Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.






                share|cite|improve this answer






















                  up vote
                  1
                  down vote



                  accepted







                  up vote
                  1
                  down vote



                  accepted






                  With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
                  since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
                  $$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
                  Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.






                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
                  since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
                  $$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
                  Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered Aug 26 at 19:37









                  Daniel Fischer♦

                  172k16156278




                  172k16156278




















                      up vote
                      1
                      down vote













                      An alternative, real-analytic approach.



                      $$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
                      equals
                      $$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
                      or
                      $$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
                      which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
                      By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
                      $$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$






                      share|cite|improve this answer
























                        up vote
                        1
                        down vote













                        An alternative, real-analytic approach.



                        $$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
                        equals
                        $$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
                        or
                        $$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
                        which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
                        By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
                        $$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$






                        share|cite|improve this answer






















                          up vote
                          1
                          down vote










                          up vote
                          1
                          down vote









                          An alternative, real-analytic approach.



                          $$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
                          equals
                          $$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
                          or
                          $$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
                          which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
                          By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
                          $$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$






                          share|cite|improve this answer












                          An alternative, real-analytic approach.



                          $$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
                          equals
                          $$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
                          or
                          $$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
                          which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
                          By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
                          $$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$







                          share|cite|improve this answer












                          share|cite|improve this answer



                          share|cite|improve this answer










                          answered Aug 27 at 15:39









                          Jack D'Aurizio♦

                          273k32268637




                          273k32268637



























                               

                              draft saved


                              draft discarded















































                               


                              draft saved


                              draft discarded














                              StackExchange.ready(
                              function ()
                              StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f2895399%2fthe-integral-of-frac-logxx3-41x-from-zero-to-infinity-using-conto%23new-answer', 'question_page');

                              );

                              Post as a guest













































































                              這個網誌中的熱門文章

                              tkz-euclide: tkzDrawCircle[R] not working

                              How to combine Bézier curves to a surface?

                              1st Magritte Awards