The integral of $fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x)$ from zero to infinity using contour integration

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I'm finding the integral
$$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
I do this by considering
$$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$
over the closed loop shown.

I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:
$$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$
$$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$
By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)
If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
$I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)
Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.
complex-analysis contour-integration
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up vote
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I'm finding the integral
$$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
I do this by considering
$$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$
over the closed loop shown.

I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:
$$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$
$$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$
By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)
If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
$I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)
Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.
complex-analysis contour-integration
add a comment |Â
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
up vote
2
down vote
favorite
I'm finding the integral
$$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
I do this by considering
$$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$
over the closed loop shown.

I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:
$$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$
$$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$
By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)
If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
$I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)
Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.
complex-analysis contour-integration
I'm finding the integral
$$int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx $$
I do this by considering
$$ oint_V fraclog(z)z^3/4(1+z) ,dz$$
over the closed loop shown.

I take the limit as the radius of the larger circle tends to infinity and as the radius of the smaller circle tends towards zero.
The integrand approaches zero when z tends to infinity (along C, larger circle). Assuming that the contour integral along the smaller circle tends towards zero as the smaller tends towards zero, I find that:
$$2*int_0^infty fraclog(x)x^3/4(1+x) dx + 2pi i*int_0^infty frac1x^3/4(1+x) dz = frac-2pi^2e^frac3ipi4 $$
$$ = sqrt2pi^2(1+i)$$
By the residue theorem (using the residue at z = -1)
If I take the real part of both sides, I find that
$I = fracpi^2sqrt2$ (which is wrong, $ I = -sqrt2pi^2 $)
Trying to find my error, my question is, when I take the limit of the radius of the smaller circle tending to zero, whether the line integral along that smaller circle tends to zero as i have ln(r) term which tends to -infinity. Does this mean I should take an alternative contour because of the log function? I am confused by this because the textbook suggests I use this contour I have shown.
complex-analysis contour-integration
edited Aug 26 at 19:22
Davide Morgante
2,518623
2,518623
asked Aug 26 at 19:16
chickenpie
566
566
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2 Answers
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With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
$$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.
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An alternative, real-analytic approach.
$$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
equals
$$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
or
$$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
$$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
$$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
$$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
up vote
1
down vote
accepted
With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
$$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.
With the branch cut on $[0,+infty)$, on the lower edge of the slit the integrand becomes $$fraclog x + 2pi i(i^3x^3/4)(1+x)$$
since the value of $z^3/4$ changes by a factor of $exp frac3cdot 2pi i4 = i^3$ for each winding around the origin. Thus, taking the orientation into account,
$$frac-2pi^2exp frac3pi i4 = (1 - i)int_0^+infty fraclog xx^3/4(1+x),dx + 2pi int_0^infty fracdxx^3/4(1+x),.$$
Taking the imaginary part on both sides gives the result.
answered Aug 26 at 19:37
Daniel Fischerâ¦
172k16156278
172k16156278
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up vote
1
down vote
An alternative, real-analytic approach.
$$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
equals
$$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
or
$$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
$$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
An alternative, real-analytic approach.
$$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
equals
$$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
or
$$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
$$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
An alternative, real-analytic approach.
$$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
equals
$$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
or
$$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
$$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$
An alternative, real-analytic approach.
$$ I = 4int_0^+infty fracz^3 log(z^4)z^3(1+z^4),dz = 16int_0^1fraclog z1+z^4,dz-16int_0^1fracz^2log z1+z^4,dz$$
equals
$$ 16sum_ngeq 0int_0^1(z^8n-z^8n+2-z^8n+4+z^8n+6)log(z),dz $$
or
$$ -16sum_ngeq 0left[frac1(8n+1)^2-frac1(8n+3)^2-frac1(8n+5)^2+frac1(8n+7)^2right]=-frac14left[psi'left(tfrac18right)-psi'left(tfrac38right)-psi'left(tfrac58right)+psi'left(tfrac78right)right] $$
which is a Dirichlet $L$-function for the character $left(frac2cdotright)$ evaluated at $s=2$.
By the reflection formula for the trigamma function the RHS equals
$$-frac14left[fracpi^2sin^2fracpi8-fracpi^2sin^2frac3pi8right] = colorred-pi^2sqrt2.$$
answered Aug 27 at 15:39
Jack D'Aurizioâ¦
273k32268637
273k32268637
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