Compute $limlimits_n to infty frac1 cdot 3 cdot 5 cdots(2n - 1)2 cdot 4 cdot 6 cdots (2n)$ [duplicate]
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This question already has an answer here:
Evaluate $prod frac 2k - 1 2k$ [duplicate]
2 answers
Convergence point of $fracprod_k=1^n (2k-1) prod_k=1^n 2k$
4 answers
EDIT: @Holo has kindly pointed out that my concept of ln rules used in this question is wrong. However, the intuition behind using the tangent of a curve to find the sum to infinity of a series still stands. Therefore, I won't be editing the post.
I tried expanding out the equation from the question and got $$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n$$
I then tried taking the ln of the equation which works out to $$ln(1 - frac12) + ln(1 - frac14) + ...$$
Here is my question. I used the rules of ln functions and took $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$ + ...
Since ln(1) is 0, shouldn't the limit work out to 0 as n tends to infinity? Then $$ln(L) = 0, where L = limit$$
$$L = e^0$$
$$L = 1$$
However, the limit is actually 0, and my tutor used a method which I couldn't understand as he tried approximating the function $y = ln(x)$ to $y = x - 1$, as he says that the linear equation is actually a tangent to the ln curve. Could someone please explain this intuition behind it? He differentiated the equation, and since the curve cuts the x-axis at x = 1, he got the linear curve $y = x - 1$.
He did mention that the linear equation is just an approximation, but said such an approximation would be more than sufficient.
calculus limits
marked as duplicate by JavaMan, Nosrati, A. Pongrácz, Lord Shark the Unknown, Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris Sep 6 at 6:03
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
 |Â
show 4 more comments
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
This question already has an answer here:
Evaluate $prod frac 2k - 1 2k$ [duplicate]
2 answers
Convergence point of $fracprod_k=1^n (2k-1) prod_k=1^n 2k$
4 answers
EDIT: @Holo has kindly pointed out that my concept of ln rules used in this question is wrong. However, the intuition behind using the tangent of a curve to find the sum to infinity of a series still stands. Therefore, I won't be editing the post.
I tried expanding out the equation from the question and got $$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n$$
I then tried taking the ln of the equation which works out to $$ln(1 - frac12) + ln(1 - frac14) + ...$$
Here is my question. I used the rules of ln functions and took $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$ + ...
Since ln(1) is 0, shouldn't the limit work out to 0 as n tends to infinity? Then $$ln(L) = 0, where L = limit$$
$$L = e^0$$
$$L = 1$$
However, the limit is actually 0, and my tutor used a method which I couldn't understand as he tried approximating the function $y = ln(x)$ to $y = x - 1$, as he says that the linear equation is actually a tangent to the ln curve. Could someone please explain this intuition behind it? He differentiated the equation, and since the curve cuts the x-axis at x = 1, he got the linear curve $y = x - 1$.
He did mention that the linear equation is just an approximation, but said such an approximation would be more than sufficient.
calculus limits
marked as duplicate by JavaMan, Nosrati, A. Pongrácz, Lord Shark the Unknown, Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris Sep 6 at 6:03
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
1
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
 |Â
show 4 more comments
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
This question already has an answer here:
Evaluate $prod frac 2k - 1 2k$ [duplicate]
2 answers
Convergence point of $fracprod_k=1^n (2k-1) prod_k=1^n 2k$
4 answers
EDIT: @Holo has kindly pointed out that my concept of ln rules used in this question is wrong. However, the intuition behind using the tangent of a curve to find the sum to infinity of a series still stands. Therefore, I won't be editing the post.
I tried expanding out the equation from the question and got $$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n$$
I then tried taking the ln of the equation which works out to $$ln(1 - frac12) + ln(1 - frac14) + ...$$
Here is my question. I used the rules of ln functions and took $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$ + ...
Since ln(1) is 0, shouldn't the limit work out to 0 as n tends to infinity? Then $$ln(L) = 0, where L = limit$$
$$L = e^0$$
$$L = 1$$
However, the limit is actually 0, and my tutor used a method which I couldn't understand as he tried approximating the function $y = ln(x)$ to $y = x - 1$, as he says that the linear equation is actually a tangent to the ln curve. Could someone please explain this intuition behind it? He differentiated the equation, and since the curve cuts the x-axis at x = 1, he got the linear curve $y = x - 1$.
He did mention that the linear equation is just an approximation, but said such an approximation would be more than sufficient.
calculus limits
This question already has an answer here:
Evaluate $prod frac 2k - 1 2k$ [duplicate]
2 answers
Convergence point of $fracprod_k=1^n (2k-1) prod_k=1^n 2k$
4 answers
EDIT: @Holo has kindly pointed out that my concept of ln rules used in this question is wrong. However, the intuition behind using the tangent of a curve to find the sum to infinity of a series still stands. Therefore, I won't be editing the post.
I tried expanding out the equation from the question and got $$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n$$
I then tried taking the ln of the equation which works out to $$ln(1 - frac12) + ln(1 - frac14) + ...$$
Here is my question. I used the rules of ln functions and took $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$ + ...
Since ln(1) is 0, shouldn't the limit work out to 0 as n tends to infinity? Then $$ln(L) = 0, where L = limit$$
$$L = e^0$$
$$L = 1$$
However, the limit is actually 0, and my tutor used a method which I couldn't understand as he tried approximating the function $y = ln(x)$ to $y = x - 1$, as he says that the linear equation is actually a tangent to the ln curve. Could someone please explain this intuition behind it? He differentiated the equation, and since the curve cuts the x-axis at x = 1, he got the linear curve $y = x - 1$.
He did mention that the linear equation is just an approximation, but said such an approximation would be more than sufficient.
This question already has an answer here:
Evaluate $prod frac 2k - 1 2k$ [duplicate]
2 answers
Convergence point of $fracprod_k=1^n (2k-1) prod_k=1^n 2k$
4 answers
calculus limits
calculus limits
edited Sep 6 at 6:03
David G. Stork
8,15621232
8,15621232
asked Sep 6 at 5:11
statsguy21
353
353
marked as duplicate by JavaMan, Nosrati, A. Pongrácz, Lord Shark the Unknown, Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris Sep 6 at 6:03
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
marked as duplicate by JavaMan, Nosrati, A. Pongrácz, Lord Shark the Unknown, Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris Sep 6 at 6:03
This question has been asked before and already has an answer. If those answers do not fully address your question, please ask a new question.
1
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
 |Â
show 4 more comments
1
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
1
1
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
 |Â
show 4 more comments
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
up vote
6
down vote
A completely different approach is to write
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=frac (2n)!(2^nn!)^2$$
because you can divide a $2$ out of each term on the bottom and get $n!$ and you can multiply top and bottom by the bottom. Now feed it to Stirling
$$a_napproxfrac(2n)^2ne^2ne^2n2^2nn^2nsqrtpi n=frac 1sqrtpi nto 0$$
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
As you say,
$$ln a_n=sum_k=1^nlnleft(1-frac12kright).$$
But as $xto0$,
$$ln(1-x)=-x+O(x^2).$$
Therefore
$$ln a_n=-sum_k=1^nfrac12k+Oleft(sum_k=1^nfrac1k^2right).$$
As the series $sum_1^infty1/k$ diverges and $sum_1^infty1/k^2$ converges,
then $ln a_nto-infty$, and so $a_nto0$.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
We can prove that
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n<frac1sqrt2n+1.$$
Let $b_n=frac23 .frac45 . frac67 ...frac2n2n+1$, then it is easy to see that $a_n<b_n$. So $$a_n^2<a_nb_n=frac12n+1.$$
You limit is $$lim_nto inftyfrac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=0.$$
add a comment |Â
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
6
down vote
A completely different approach is to write
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=frac (2n)!(2^nn!)^2$$
because you can divide a $2$ out of each term on the bottom and get $n!$ and you can multiply top and bottom by the bottom. Now feed it to Stirling
$$a_napproxfrac(2n)^2ne^2ne^2n2^2nn^2nsqrtpi n=frac 1sqrtpi nto 0$$
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
A completely different approach is to write
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=frac (2n)!(2^nn!)^2$$
because you can divide a $2$ out of each term on the bottom and get $n!$ and you can multiply top and bottom by the bottom. Now feed it to Stirling
$$a_napproxfrac(2n)^2ne^2ne^2n2^2nn^2nsqrtpi n=frac 1sqrtpi nto 0$$
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
add a comment |Â
up vote
6
down vote
up vote
6
down vote
A completely different approach is to write
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=frac (2n)!(2^nn!)^2$$
because you can divide a $2$ out of each term on the bottom and get $n!$ and you can multiply top and bottom by the bottom. Now feed it to Stirling
$$a_napproxfrac(2n)^2ne^2ne^2n2^2nn^2nsqrtpi n=frac 1sqrtpi nto 0$$
A completely different approach is to write
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=frac (2n)!(2^nn!)^2$$
because you can divide a $2$ out of each term on the bottom and get $n!$ and you can multiply top and bottom by the bottom. Now feed it to Stirling
$$a_napproxfrac(2n)^2ne^2ne^2n2^2nn^2nsqrtpi n=frac 1sqrtpi nto 0$$
answered Sep 6 at 5:22
Ross Millikan
281k23191358
281k23191358
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
add a comment |Â
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
nice! Why can't we use the justification that each ratio individually is less than 1 and since there are infinite terms, the product should tend to zero? (sorry, am from a non-mathematical background)
â dineshdileep
Sep 6 at 5:40
1
1
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep That's not true in general. Example $prod _2^infty (1-2/(n(n+1))) = 1/3$.
â xbh
Sep 6 at 5:45
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
@dineshdileep No, you can't say that. A well-known counterexample is $lim_n to infty(1-frac1n)^n = frac1e$
â ab123
Sep 6 at 5:46
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
Powerful as always.
â mrs
Sep 6 at 5:53
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
As you say,
$$ln a_n=sum_k=1^nlnleft(1-frac12kright).$$
But as $xto0$,
$$ln(1-x)=-x+O(x^2).$$
Therefore
$$ln a_n=-sum_k=1^nfrac12k+Oleft(sum_k=1^nfrac1k^2right).$$
As the series $sum_1^infty1/k$ diverges and $sum_1^infty1/k^2$ converges,
then $ln a_nto-infty$, and so $a_nto0$.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
As you say,
$$ln a_n=sum_k=1^nlnleft(1-frac12kright).$$
But as $xto0$,
$$ln(1-x)=-x+O(x^2).$$
Therefore
$$ln a_n=-sum_k=1^nfrac12k+Oleft(sum_k=1^nfrac1k^2right).$$
As the series $sum_1^infty1/k$ diverges and $sum_1^infty1/k^2$ converges,
then $ln a_nto-infty$, and so $a_nto0$.
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
As you say,
$$ln a_n=sum_k=1^nlnleft(1-frac12kright).$$
But as $xto0$,
$$ln(1-x)=-x+O(x^2).$$
Therefore
$$ln a_n=-sum_k=1^nfrac12k+Oleft(sum_k=1^nfrac1k^2right).$$
As the series $sum_1^infty1/k$ diverges and $sum_1^infty1/k^2$ converges,
then $ln a_nto-infty$, and so $a_nto0$.
As you say,
$$ln a_n=sum_k=1^nlnleft(1-frac12kright).$$
But as $xto0$,
$$ln(1-x)=-x+O(x^2).$$
Therefore
$$ln a_n=-sum_k=1^nfrac12k+Oleft(sum_k=1^nfrac1k^2right).$$
As the series $sum_1^infty1/k$ diverges and $sum_1^infty1/k^2$ converges,
then $ln a_nto-infty$, and so $a_nto0$.
answered Sep 6 at 5:40
Lord Shark the Unknown
89.8k955117
89.8k955117
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
We can prove that
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n<frac1sqrt2n+1.$$
Let $b_n=frac23 .frac45 . frac67 ...frac2n2n+1$, then it is easy to see that $a_n<b_n$. So $$a_n^2<a_nb_n=frac12n+1.$$
You limit is $$lim_nto inftyfrac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=0.$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
We can prove that
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n<frac1sqrt2n+1.$$
Let $b_n=frac23 .frac45 . frac67 ...frac2n2n+1$, then it is easy to see that $a_n<b_n$. So $$a_n^2<a_nb_n=frac12n+1.$$
You limit is $$lim_nto inftyfrac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=0.$$
add a comment |Â
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
We can prove that
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n<frac1sqrt2n+1.$$
Let $b_n=frac23 .frac45 . frac67 ...frac2n2n+1$, then it is easy to see that $a_n<b_n$. So $$a_n^2<a_nb_n=frac12n+1.$$
You limit is $$lim_nto inftyfrac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=0.$$
We can prove that
$$a_n = frac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n<frac1sqrt2n+1.$$
Let $b_n=frac23 .frac45 . frac67 ...frac2n2n+1$, then it is easy to see that $a_n<b_n$. So $$a_n^2<a_nb_n=frac12n+1.$$
You limit is $$lim_nto inftyfrac12 .frac34 . frac56 ...frac2n -12n=0.$$
answered Sep 6 at 6:00
Riemann
3,0881321
3,0881321
add a comment |Â
add a comment |Â
1
How did you got to $ln(frac11/2) + ln(frac1frac14)$, this is wrong, the rule says that $ln(a)-ln(b)=ln(a/b)$ not that $ln(a-b)=ln(a/b)$
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:18
I see...so my concept was totally wrong in the first place. Should I edit it or should I just keep it up?
â statsguy21
Sep 6 at 5:23
Please look for similar questions before posting your new question. math.stackexchange.com/questions/2886753/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/1586773/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/93001/â¦, math.stackexchange.com/questions/2402508/â¦
â JavaMan
Sep 6 at 5:26
@statsguy keep it up, or if edit just explain you made a mistake. It is better to show effort in the post(something that you clearly did)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28
@JavaMan I don't think this is a duplicate, this is question about intuition behind the linear approximation, and not the product itself(Or so I think)
â Holo
Sep 6 at 5:28