Vtyjkyuk

Let a function $f colon mathbbR to mathbbR$ have the following two properties:

(1) For all $x_1, x_2 in mathbbR$ such that $x_1 < x_2$, we have
$$f left( x_1 right) leq f left( x_2 right). $$

(2) For all $x_1, x_2 in mathbbR$, we have
$$f left( x_1 + x_2 right) = f left( x_1 right) + f left( x_2 right). $$

Is such a function $f$ continuous at every point $c$ of $mathbbR$?

My Effort:

We can show that for every rational number $q$, we have
$$ f(q) = q f(1). $$

As $f$ is monotonic (increasing), so the set of points of discontinuity of $f$ is at most countable.

How to proceed from here?

If we could show that $f$ is continuous at every rational point $c in mathbbQ$, then $f$ would also be continuous at every point of $mathbbR$. Am I right?

What next?

Context:

Sec. 5.6 (in fact immediately after Theorem 5.6.4) in the book Introduction To Real Analysis by Robert G. Bartle & Donald R. Sherbert, 4th edition.

If $x$ is an irrational number, let $r_n$ be rationals that approach $x$ from below. Then as $x>r_n$, the monotonicity property $(1)$ of $f$ gives

$$f(x) ge f(r_n) = r_n f(1) to x f(1),$$

so we conclude $$f(x) ge x f(1),$$ and similarly, using rationals that approach $x$ from above, $f(x) le xf(1)$. Hence, $$f(x) = xf(1) quad forall xinmathbb R.$$

(edit) I note the relevant portions of the book,

and,

it seems that $(a)$ you misread the book, which says you only need to prove continuity at one point, and $(b)$ you want a proof that first proves continuity, and then appeals to the known result(Exercise 5.2.12), i.e. that a function with property $(2)$ that is also continuous at one point is of the form $cx$. But as you showed, there are only countably many discontinuities, and $mathbb R$ is uncountable. So $f$ is continuous somewhere, and we're already done.

As a final remark, note that continuity at any one point $x$ immediately implies continuity at any other point $y$, since if $y_nto y$ then $x_n := y_n - y + x to x$ and the additive property $(2)$ implies that
$$ f(y_n) = f(x_n) + f(y) - f(x) to f(y).$$ Therefore the known result used above follows from the basic result for continuous functions with property $(2)$.

Let $f$ be continuous at $0$. Since $f(x+y) = f(x)+f(y)$. Let $x_n rightarrow c$. Now $f(x_n-c) = f(x_n)+f(-c)$
Hence as $f$ is continuous at $0$, $lim_n rightarrow infty f(x_n-c) = f(0)$. Hence $lim_n rightarrow infty f(x_n-c) - f(-c)= lim_n rightarrow infty f(x_n) = f(0)-f(-c) = f(c)$. Hence sequentially continuous.