Is $d((a_n),(b_n))=sum 2^-nlvert a_n-b_nrvert$ a complete metric on $l^infty$?

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Let $l^infty$ be the space of all bounded, complex sequences and consider the metric $$d((a_n)_n=0^infty,(b_n)_n=0^infty)=sum_n=0^infty 2^-nlvert a_n-b_nrvert$$
on it. I'm trying to figure out whether this $d$ makes $l^infty$ complete or not.



Let $(x_k)$ be a Cauchy sequence in $l^infty$ where $k=0,1,2ldots$ and let us denote the $n$th term of $x_k$ by $a^(k)_n$. Then it is easy to see that for each fixed $n$, the sequence $$a^(1)_n,a^(2)_n,a^(3)_n,ldots$$ is a Cauchy sequence in $mathbbC$ and hence converges to $c_ninmathbbC$, say.



We must now show that $c=(c_n)$ is a bounded sequence and that $(x_k)$ converges to $c$ in $d$-metric, but I'm not sure how to this. Is there a universal bound, $M$, bounding $a^(k)_n$ for all $n$ and all $k$? If that is the case, then I think I can finish the proof, but what if there is no such a bound? Please help me figure this out.










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    No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
    – Daniel Fischer♦
    Sep 4 at 13:01














up vote
4
down vote

favorite
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Let $l^infty$ be the space of all bounded, complex sequences and consider the metric $$d((a_n)_n=0^infty,(b_n)_n=0^infty)=sum_n=0^infty 2^-nlvert a_n-b_nrvert$$
on it. I'm trying to figure out whether this $d$ makes $l^infty$ complete or not.



Let $(x_k)$ be a Cauchy sequence in $l^infty$ where $k=0,1,2ldots$ and let us denote the $n$th term of $x_k$ by $a^(k)_n$. Then it is easy to see that for each fixed $n$, the sequence $$a^(1)_n,a^(2)_n,a^(3)_n,ldots$$ is a Cauchy sequence in $mathbbC$ and hence converges to $c_ninmathbbC$, say.



We must now show that $c=(c_n)$ is a bounded sequence and that $(x_k)$ converges to $c$ in $d$-metric, but I'm not sure how to this. Is there a universal bound, $M$, bounding $a^(k)_n$ for all $n$ and all $k$? If that is the case, then I think I can finish the proof, but what if there is no such a bound? Please help me figure this out.










share|cite|improve this question

















  • 1




    No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
    – Daniel Fischer♦
    Sep 4 at 13:01












up vote
4
down vote

favorite
2









up vote
4
down vote

favorite
2






2





Let $l^infty$ be the space of all bounded, complex sequences and consider the metric $$d((a_n)_n=0^infty,(b_n)_n=0^infty)=sum_n=0^infty 2^-nlvert a_n-b_nrvert$$
on it. I'm trying to figure out whether this $d$ makes $l^infty$ complete or not.



Let $(x_k)$ be a Cauchy sequence in $l^infty$ where $k=0,1,2ldots$ and let us denote the $n$th term of $x_k$ by $a^(k)_n$. Then it is easy to see that for each fixed $n$, the sequence $$a^(1)_n,a^(2)_n,a^(3)_n,ldots$$ is a Cauchy sequence in $mathbbC$ and hence converges to $c_ninmathbbC$, say.



We must now show that $c=(c_n)$ is a bounded sequence and that $(x_k)$ converges to $c$ in $d$-metric, but I'm not sure how to this. Is there a universal bound, $M$, bounding $a^(k)_n$ for all $n$ and all $k$? If that is the case, then I think I can finish the proof, but what if there is no such a bound? Please help me figure this out.










share|cite|improve this question













Let $l^infty$ be the space of all bounded, complex sequences and consider the metric $$d((a_n)_n=0^infty,(b_n)_n=0^infty)=sum_n=0^infty 2^-nlvert a_n-b_nrvert$$
on it. I'm trying to figure out whether this $d$ makes $l^infty$ complete or not.



Let $(x_k)$ be a Cauchy sequence in $l^infty$ where $k=0,1,2ldots$ and let us denote the $n$th term of $x_k$ by $a^(k)_n$. Then it is easy to see that for each fixed $n$, the sequence $$a^(1)_n,a^(2)_n,a^(3)_n,ldots$$ is a Cauchy sequence in $mathbbC$ and hence converges to $c_ninmathbbC$, say.



We must now show that $c=(c_n)$ is a bounded sequence and that $(x_k)$ converges to $c$ in $d$-metric, but I'm not sure how to this. Is there a universal bound, $M$, bounding $a^(k)_n$ for all $n$ and all $k$? If that is the case, then I think I can finish the proof, but what if there is no such a bound? Please help me figure this out.







metric-spaces banach-spaces complete-spaces






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asked Sep 4 at 12:43









Dilemian

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  • 1




    No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
    – Daniel Fischer♦
    Sep 4 at 13:01












  • 1




    No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
    – Daniel Fischer♦
    Sep 4 at 13:01







1




1




No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
– Daniel Fischer♦
Sep 4 at 13:01




No such bound. Take your favourite not-too-fast-growing unbounded sequence and look for a sequence in $ell^infty$ that converges pointwise to it. If you're not exceptionally unlucky, it will be a Cauchy sequence with respect to $d$.
– Daniel Fischer♦
Sep 4 at 13:01










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The space $l^infty$ is not complete with that metric.



Let $a_n^(k)=min(n,k)$, so
$$x_1 = (1,1,1,1,ldots)$$
$$x_2 = (1,2,2,2,ldots)$$
$$x_3 = (1,2,3,3,ldots)$$
The sequence $(x_k)$ is Cauchy because for $i<j$,
beginalign
d(x_i,x_j)
&=sum_k=1^infty 2^-k|min(i,k)-min(j,k)| \
&=sum_k=i^j 2^-k(k-i) + sum_k=j+1^infty 2^-k(j-i) \
&=2^1-i-2^1-j\
&<2^1-i
endalign
But if $x$ is in $l^infty$ with bound $M$, then $d(x,x_n)>2^-n$ whenever $n>M$. So $x$ is not a limit for the $x_n$, the $(x_n)$ have no limit in $l^infty$, and $l^infty$ is not complete with this metric.



The obvious (pointwise) limit is $(1,2,3,4,ldots)$, but that is not in $l^infty$.






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    up vote
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    The space $l^infty$ is not complete with that metric.



    Let $a_n^(k)=min(n,k)$, so
    $$x_1 = (1,1,1,1,ldots)$$
    $$x_2 = (1,2,2,2,ldots)$$
    $$x_3 = (1,2,3,3,ldots)$$
    The sequence $(x_k)$ is Cauchy because for $i<j$,
    beginalign
    d(x_i,x_j)
    &=sum_k=1^infty 2^-k|min(i,k)-min(j,k)| \
    &=sum_k=i^j 2^-k(k-i) + sum_k=j+1^infty 2^-k(j-i) \
    &=2^1-i-2^1-j\
    &<2^1-i
    endalign
    But if $x$ is in $l^infty$ with bound $M$, then $d(x,x_n)>2^-n$ whenever $n>M$. So $x$ is not a limit for the $x_n$, the $(x_n)$ have no limit in $l^infty$, and $l^infty$ is not complete with this metric.



    The obvious (pointwise) limit is $(1,2,3,4,ldots)$, but that is not in $l^infty$.






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      up vote
      1
      down vote



      accepted
      +100










      The space $l^infty$ is not complete with that metric.



      Let $a_n^(k)=min(n,k)$, so
      $$x_1 = (1,1,1,1,ldots)$$
      $$x_2 = (1,2,2,2,ldots)$$
      $$x_3 = (1,2,3,3,ldots)$$
      The sequence $(x_k)$ is Cauchy because for $i<j$,
      beginalign
      d(x_i,x_j)
      &=sum_k=1^infty 2^-k|min(i,k)-min(j,k)| \
      &=sum_k=i^j 2^-k(k-i) + sum_k=j+1^infty 2^-k(j-i) \
      &=2^1-i-2^1-j\
      &<2^1-i
      endalign
      But if $x$ is in $l^infty$ with bound $M$, then $d(x,x_n)>2^-n$ whenever $n>M$. So $x$ is not a limit for the $x_n$, the $(x_n)$ have no limit in $l^infty$, and $l^infty$ is not complete with this metric.



      The obvious (pointwise) limit is $(1,2,3,4,ldots)$, but that is not in $l^infty$.






      share|cite|improve this answer






















        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted
        +100







        up vote
        1
        down vote



        accepted
        +100




        +100




        The space $l^infty$ is not complete with that metric.



        Let $a_n^(k)=min(n,k)$, so
        $$x_1 = (1,1,1,1,ldots)$$
        $$x_2 = (1,2,2,2,ldots)$$
        $$x_3 = (1,2,3,3,ldots)$$
        The sequence $(x_k)$ is Cauchy because for $i<j$,
        beginalign
        d(x_i,x_j)
        &=sum_k=1^infty 2^-k|min(i,k)-min(j,k)| \
        &=sum_k=i^j 2^-k(k-i) + sum_k=j+1^infty 2^-k(j-i) \
        &=2^1-i-2^1-j\
        &<2^1-i
        endalign
        But if $x$ is in $l^infty$ with bound $M$, then $d(x,x_n)>2^-n$ whenever $n>M$. So $x$ is not a limit for the $x_n$, the $(x_n)$ have no limit in $l^infty$, and $l^infty$ is not complete with this metric.



        The obvious (pointwise) limit is $(1,2,3,4,ldots)$, but that is not in $l^infty$.






        share|cite|improve this answer












        The space $l^infty$ is not complete with that metric.



        Let $a_n^(k)=min(n,k)$, so
        $$x_1 = (1,1,1,1,ldots)$$
        $$x_2 = (1,2,2,2,ldots)$$
        $$x_3 = (1,2,3,3,ldots)$$
        The sequence $(x_k)$ is Cauchy because for $i<j$,
        beginalign
        d(x_i,x_j)
        &=sum_k=1^infty 2^-k|min(i,k)-min(j,k)| \
        &=sum_k=i^j 2^-k(k-i) + sum_k=j+1^infty 2^-k(j-i) \
        &=2^1-i-2^1-j\
        &<2^1-i
        endalign
        But if $x$ is in $l^infty$ with bound $M$, then $d(x,x_n)>2^-n$ whenever $n>M$. So $x$ is not a limit for the $x_n$, the $(x_n)$ have no limit in $l^infty$, and $l^infty$ is not complete with this metric.



        The obvious (pointwise) limit is $(1,2,3,4,ldots)$, but that is not in $l^infty$.







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        answered Sep 10 at 4:56









        Matt F.

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