Showing that $C(M,mathbbR)$ is closed in $mathbbB(M,mathbbR)$

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I’m trying to prove that the set of continuous and bounded functions $C(M,mathbbR)$ is closed in the set of the bounded functions $mathbbB(M,mathbbR)$ which is equipped with the supremum metric $d_infty(f,g)= sup_x in M |f(x)-g(x)|$.



I know I can prove it directly:
Suppose $f_n$ are continuous, that $f_nrightarrow f$ uniformly and pick $ain M$. Fix $epsilon>0$ and choose $n$ such that $|f(x)-f_n(x)|<epsilon$ for all $xin M$. [This is true for $n$ sufficiently large but we need only one]. Pick an open set $Usubset M$ with $ain U$ such that $xin U$ implies $|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|<epsilon$. Then $xin U$ implies
$$
|f(x)-f(a)| le |f(x)-f_n(x)|+|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|+|f_n(a)-f(a)| < 3epsilon.
$$
Hence $f$ is continuous in $a$.



The problem is I can't use sequences nor convergence so I have to try something else. So, I want to prove that the set of discontinuous functions is open but I'm really stuck, I don't even know how to start. I hope you guys can help me out.



Thanks so much in advance.







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    favorite












    I’m trying to prove that the set of continuous and bounded functions $C(M,mathbbR)$ is closed in the set of the bounded functions $mathbbB(M,mathbbR)$ which is equipped with the supremum metric $d_infty(f,g)= sup_x in M |f(x)-g(x)|$.



    I know I can prove it directly:
    Suppose $f_n$ are continuous, that $f_nrightarrow f$ uniformly and pick $ain M$. Fix $epsilon>0$ and choose $n$ such that $|f(x)-f_n(x)|<epsilon$ for all $xin M$. [This is true for $n$ sufficiently large but we need only one]. Pick an open set $Usubset M$ with $ain U$ such that $xin U$ implies $|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|<epsilon$. Then $xin U$ implies
    $$
    |f(x)-f(a)| le |f(x)-f_n(x)|+|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|+|f_n(a)-f(a)| < 3epsilon.
    $$
    Hence $f$ is continuous in $a$.



    The problem is I can't use sequences nor convergence so I have to try something else. So, I want to prove that the set of discontinuous functions is open but I'm really stuck, I don't even know how to start. I hope you guys can help me out.



    Thanks so much in advance.







    share|cite|improve this question
























      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite









      up vote
      0
      down vote

      favorite











      I’m trying to prove that the set of continuous and bounded functions $C(M,mathbbR)$ is closed in the set of the bounded functions $mathbbB(M,mathbbR)$ which is equipped with the supremum metric $d_infty(f,g)= sup_x in M |f(x)-g(x)|$.



      I know I can prove it directly:
      Suppose $f_n$ are continuous, that $f_nrightarrow f$ uniformly and pick $ain M$. Fix $epsilon>0$ and choose $n$ such that $|f(x)-f_n(x)|<epsilon$ for all $xin M$. [This is true for $n$ sufficiently large but we need only one]. Pick an open set $Usubset M$ with $ain U$ such that $xin U$ implies $|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|<epsilon$. Then $xin U$ implies
      $$
      |f(x)-f(a)| le |f(x)-f_n(x)|+|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|+|f_n(a)-f(a)| < 3epsilon.
      $$
      Hence $f$ is continuous in $a$.



      The problem is I can't use sequences nor convergence so I have to try something else. So, I want to prove that the set of discontinuous functions is open but I'm really stuck, I don't even know how to start. I hope you guys can help me out.



      Thanks so much in advance.







      share|cite|improve this question














      I’m trying to prove that the set of continuous and bounded functions $C(M,mathbbR)$ is closed in the set of the bounded functions $mathbbB(M,mathbbR)$ which is equipped with the supremum metric $d_infty(f,g)= sup_x in M |f(x)-g(x)|$.



      I know I can prove it directly:
      Suppose $f_n$ are continuous, that $f_nrightarrow f$ uniformly and pick $ain M$. Fix $epsilon>0$ and choose $n$ such that $|f(x)-f_n(x)|<epsilon$ for all $xin M$. [This is true for $n$ sufficiently large but we need only one]. Pick an open set $Usubset M$ with $ain U$ such that $xin U$ implies $|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|<epsilon$. Then $xin U$ implies
      $$
      |f(x)-f(a)| le |f(x)-f_n(x)|+|f_n(x)-f_n(a)|+|f_n(a)-f(a)| < 3epsilon.
      $$
      Hence $f$ is continuous in $a$.



      The problem is I can't use sequences nor convergence so I have to try something else. So, I want to prove that the set of discontinuous functions is open but I'm really stuck, I don't even know how to start. I hope you guys can help me out.



      Thanks so much in advance.









      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Aug 26 at 21:41









      Jendrik Stelzner

      7,63121037




      7,63121037










      asked Aug 26 at 21:27









      dshernandez

      486




      486




















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          The set of continuous is indeed closed under uniform convergence and this is a valid proof strategy.



          As to your idea, suppose that $f$ is discontinuous. This means that (assuming $M$ is a metric space with metric $d$) that



          $$exists a in M: exists varepsilon>0: forall delta >0: exists a ' in M: d(a,a')< delta land |f(a) - f(a')| ge varepsilon$$



          Can the $fracvarepsilon2$-ball around $f$ contain any continuous function ?



          If not, that ball shows $f$ is an interior point of the set of discontinuous functions.






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            active

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            up vote
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            The set of continuous is indeed closed under uniform convergence and this is a valid proof strategy.



            As to your idea, suppose that $f$ is discontinuous. This means that (assuming $M$ is a metric space with metric $d$) that



            $$exists a in M: exists varepsilon>0: forall delta >0: exists a ' in M: d(a,a')< delta land |f(a) - f(a')| ge varepsilon$$



            Can the $fracvarepsilon2$-ball around $f$ contain any continuous function ?



            If not, that ball shows $f$ is an interior point of the set of discontinuous functions.






            share|cite|improve this answer
























              up vote
              2
              down vote













              The set of continuous is indeed closed under uniform convergence and this is a valid proof strategy.



              As to your idea, suppose that $f$ is discontinuous. This means that (assuming $M$ is a metric space with metric $d$) that



              $$exists a in M: exists varepsilon>0: forall delta >0: exists a ' in M: d(a,a')< delta land |f(a) - f(a')| ge varepsilon$$



              Can the $fracvarepsilon2$-ball around $f$ contain any continuous function ?



              If not, that ball shows $f$ is an interior point of the set of discontinuous functions.






              share|cite|improve this answer






















                up vote
                2
                down vote










                up vote
                2
                down vote









                The set of continuous is indeed closed under uniform convergence and this is a valid proof strategy.



                As to your idea, suppose that $f$ is discontinuous. This means that (assuming $M$ is a metric space with metric $d$) that



                $$exists a in M: exists varepsilon>0: forall delta >0: exists a ' in M: d(a,a')< delta land |f(a) - f(a')| ge varepsilon$$



                Can the $fracvarepsilon2$-ball around $f$ contain any continuous function ?



                If not, that ball shows $f$ is an interior point of the set of discontinuous functions.






                share|cite|improve this answer












                The set of continuous is indeed closed under uniform convergence and this is a valid proof strategy.



                As to your idea, suppose that $f$ is discontinuous. This means that (assuming $M$ is a metric space with metric $d$) that



                $$exists a in M: exists varepsilon>0: forall delta >0: exists a ' in M: d(a,a')< delta land |f(a) - f(a')| ge varepsilon$$



                Can the $fracvarepsilon2$-ball around $f$ contain any continuous function ?



                If not, that ball shows $f$ is an interior point of the set of discontinuous functions.







                share|cite|improve this answer












                share|cite|improve this answer



                share|cite|improve this answer










                answered Aug 26 at 21:34









                Henno Brandsma

                92.8k342100




                92.8k342100



























                     

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