Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?

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Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.



Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$







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  • What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 7:39










  • Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 8:16














up vote
0
down vote

favorite












Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.



Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$







share|cite|improve this question






















  • What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 7:39










  • Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 8:16












up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.



Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$







share|cite|improve this question














Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.



Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$









share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Aug 26 at 8:13

























asked Aug 26 at 6:14









Xinyuan Wei

95




95











  • What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 7:39










  • Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 8:16
















  • What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 7:39










  • Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 8:16















What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39




What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39












Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16




Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes

















up vote
0
down vote



accepted










By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$



The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.



Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.



So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.



EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.



For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • How to prove it ?
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 10:25










  • Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 10:55










  • I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 12:14










  • I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 12:26










  • Thank you so much for your help.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 13:12










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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes








up vote
0
down vote



accepted










By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$



The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.



Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.



So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.



EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.



For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • How to prove it ?
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 10:25










  • Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 10:55










  • I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 12:14










  • I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 12:26










  • Thank you so much for your help.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 13:12














up vote
0
down vote



accepted










By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$



The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.



Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.



So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.



EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.



For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.






share|cite|improve this answer






















  • How to prove it ?
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 10:25










  • Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 10:55










  • I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 12:14










  • I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 12:26










  • Thank you so much for your help.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 13:12












up vote
0
down vote



accepted







up vote
0
down vote



accepted






By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$



The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.



Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.



So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.



EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.



For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.






share|cite|improve this answer














By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$



The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.



Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.



So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.



EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.



For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.







share|cite|improve this answer














share|cite|improve this answer



share|cite|improve this answer








edited Aug 26 at 12:26

























answered Aug 26 at 8:36









Niki Di Giano

678211




678211











  • How to prove it ?
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 10:25










  • Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 10:55










  • I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 12:14










  • I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 12:26










  • Thank you so much for your help.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 13:12
















  • How to prove it ?
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 10:25










  • Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 10:55










  • I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 12:14










  • I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
    – Niki Di Giano
    Aug 26 at 12:26










  • Thank you so much for your help.
    – Xinyuan Wei
    Aug 26 at 13:12















How to prove it ?
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25




How to prove it ?
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25












Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55




Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55












I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14




I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14












I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26




I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
– Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26












Thank you so much for your help.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12




Thank you so much for your help.
– Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12

















 

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