Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?

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Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.
Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$
continuity
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.
Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$
continuity
What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
up vote
0
down vote
favorite
Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.
Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$
continuity
Which one of the following functions is left continuous and how to prove it?
$$
f(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_x<m_i,
$$
$$
g(x;mathbfd,mathbfm) = x - sum_i=1^n(x-d_i)^+mathbf1_xleq m_i,
$$
where, $mathbfb = (b_1,cdots,b_n) in mathbbR^n$, $mathbfm = (m_1,cdots,m_n) in mathbbR^n$ are given and $mathbf1_A = 1$ if $A$ holds, otherwise $0$.
The positive part function is $x^+= max(x,0)$.
Here, we only need to consider the left-continuity at $x = m_i, i = 1,cdots,n.$
continuity
edited Aug 26 at 8:13
asked Aug 26 at 6:14
Xinyuan Wei
95
95
What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16
add a comment |Â
What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16
What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16
add a comment |Â
1 Answer
1
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oldest
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0
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accepted
By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$
The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.
Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.
So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.
EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.
For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
add a comment |Â
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
0
down vote
accepted
By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$
The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.
Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.
So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.
EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.
For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
accepted
By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$
The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.
Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.
So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.
EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.
For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
add a comment |Â
up vote
0
down vote
accepted
up vote
0
down vote
accepted
By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$
The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.
Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.
So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.
EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.
For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.
By the definition of left continuity:
$$lim_xto x_0^- f(x) = f(x_0)$$
The function $f$ in your case has some value when it comes from the left, but suddenly jumps to another value as $x=m_i$.
Consider for example the biggest $m_i$, say $m_j$. The function $f$ jumps from some value (depending on $d_j$) to $m_j$, while $g$ does not.
So $g$ is left continuous, $f$ is not.
EDIT: even if the answer has been accepted, I'll give a hint for what the proof should look like.
For convenience, suppose the elements of $m$ are ordered like $m_1 < ... <m_n$. By linearity of the limit:
$$lim_xto m_1^- f(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
f(m_1) = m_1$$
This fact alone proves that $f$ is not continuous from the left in general.
$$lim_xto m_1^- g(x) = m_1 - (m_1 - d_1)^+ \
g(m_1) = m_1- (m_1 - d_1)^+\
lim_xto m_2^- g(x) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big) \
g(m_2) = m_2 - big( (m_2 - d_1)^+ + (m_2 - d_2)^+ big)$$
And the same goes on for all other $m_i$. The key fact is that $1_A$ has a $leq$ rather than a $<$ in its $A$ proposition.
edited Aug 26 at 12:26
answered Aug 26 at 8:36
Niki Di Giano
678211
678211
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
add a comment |Â
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
How to prove it ?
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 10:25
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
Plugging in the definition values for $x_0 = m_i$ and simplifying will do. Topologically, left-continuous functions are continuous functions from $BbbR_u$ (the real line in the upper limit topology) to $BbbR$, you can see for yourself that preimages of open sets under $g^-1$ are unions of intervals of the form $(a, b)$ and $(a, b]$, which are open in $BbbR_u$. The same cannot be said of the function $f$.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 10:55
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I think you are right. It seems that $g$ is l.c. But I still cannot prove that.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 12:14
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
I have outlined a proof in my last edit.
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 12:26
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
Thank you so much for your help.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 13:12
add a comment |Â
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What's the overscript plus sign? Also, which one do you think could probably be left continuous and why?
â Niki Di Giano
Aug 26 at 7:39
Thank you for your interest. It is the positive part function sign, as $x^+ = max(x,0)$. Maybe $f$ is l.c. But I am not sure and I hope there could be a proof.
â Xinyuan Wei
Aug 26 at 8:16